“6.5+X”本硕博一体化人才培养方案研究与设计 Research and Design of“6.5+X” Successive Bachelor-Master-Doctor Talents Cultivation Program 在中欧航空工程师学院（以下简称中欧学院）本硕一贯制培养的基础上，为满足我国产业转型、区域经济社会发展与航空航天产业发展对高水平研究型人才的现实需要，特提出6.5+X本硕博一体化人才培养方案。本培养方案对中欧学院学生明确学习和职业发展目标、做好个人发展规划具有积极指导作用，而且对中国民航大学人才培养层次、学科建设和国内外学术交流水平的提升具有深远意义。 On the basis of the consistent Bachelor-Master cultivation system of the Sino-European Institute of Aviation Engineering (hereinafter referred to as SIAE), the “6.5+X” successive Bachelor-Master-Doctor Talents Cultivation Program is proposed specially, in order to meet the practical needs of China’s industrial transformation,social development of regional economy, and the aerospace industry for high-caliber research personnel. This cultivation program provides a positive guidance for SIAE students to clarify their goals of study and career, and to do a good job in personal development planning. It also has far-reaching significance for the improvement of talent cultivation level, discipline construction, and academic exchange level at home and abroad in Civil Aviation University of China. 一、必要性 一、The Necessity 1.1       国家转型发展与区域经济社会发展对高水平人才的现实需要 1.1 The practical needs of national transformation and social development of regional economy for high-caliber personnel 随着我国经济和新兴产业的迅猛发展、“中国制造2025”、“互联网+”和“网络强国”等重大战略的实施，新工科领域复合型创新人才更加紧缺，对我国工科教育提出了全新的挑战。新型人才培养必须面向民航强国建设新需求，以“大工程”观为指导，以工程能力为核心，以工程项目为背景系统开展课程改革建设，聚焦工程科技人才培养。 With the rapid development of China’s economy and emerging industries, the implementation of major strategies, such as “the Made in China 2025 Program”, “Internet +” and “Network Power”, have made the new innovative talents in the new engineering field even more scarce, and have brought new challenges to China’s engineering education. The talent cultivation program of new type must be oriented to the new needs of civil aviation power, and be guided by the idea of “large-scale engineering” with the engineering capability as the core. The curriculum reform will be carried out in the context of engineering projects, focusing on the cultivation of talents in engineering technology. 未来京津冀地区主要机场与轨道交通等有效衔接，打造形成分工合作、优势互补、空铁联运、协同发展的世界级机场群。北京大兴机场和首都机场将形成优势互补、适度竞争、具有国际竞争力的“双枢纽”机场格局。同时，天津、石家庄机场区域航空枢纽辐射能力显著增强。天津将建成我国国际航空物流中心，增强区域枢纽作用。大量民航高水平技术及管理人才将服务于区域经济发展，符合未来京津冀未来产业结构的需求。 In the future, the main airports in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region will be effectively connected with rail transit, and create a world-class airport cluster that will form a division of labor, complementary advantages, air and rail transport, and coordinated development. Beijing Daxing International Airport and Beijing Capital International Airport will form a “Dual Hub” airport structure with complementary advantages, moderate competition and international competitiveness. At the same time, the radiation capacity of the regional aviation hubs in Tianjin and Shijiazhuang Airport has been significantly enhanced. Tianjin will establish China’s international aviation logistics center and strengthen its role as the regional hub. A large number of civil aviation high-level talents of technology and management will serve the regional economic development，which meet the needs of the future industrial structure of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. 近些年来中国民航产业已经取得了瞩目的成绩和突破，国产大飞机的试飞成功、支线飞机成功安全运行、民航新机场的建设以及民航运输规模的逐渐扩大，我国从全球性的航空运输大国向航空大国转化过程中，势必加大对高层次人才的需求。随着我国机场和机载设备标准和配备程度不断提高，更加高效的管理和运营方式也得以实现。然而，成绩背后还存在一系列科学技术难题亟待解决。高性能及高可靠性适航设备仍被全球高水平供应商垄断，我国相关产品国产化水平不高，技术储备比较欠缺。例如，新一代通讯导航监视设备与系统、机场设备与配套设施、下一代空中交通管理系统、符合新型环保标准和节油性能的扇发动机等等，都是需要民航专业研究人员与工程师努力解决的核心技术难题。我国航空产业未来的发展以建立民航强国为目标，掌握核心技术、提高各类设备的国产化率，增强在航空产业的技术话语权。因此，在更深层面上实现技术突破与创新，是民航强国建设面临的重大现实需求，也是中欧学院的办学方向。 In recent years, China’s civil aviation industry has gained remarkable achievements and breakthroughs, such as the successful flight test of domestic large aircraft, the successful and safe operation of regional aircraft, the construction of new civil aviation airports and the gradual expansion of civil aviation transportation. China's transformation from a global air transport power to a major aviation country is bound to increase the demand for high-level talents. With the increasing standards and allocations of airports and airborne equipment in China, the management and operation methods are also more efficient. However, there are still a series of scientific and technical problems behind the achievements that need to be resolved. For instance, the airworthiness equipment of high-performance and high-reliability are still monopolized by high-level suppliers around the world, and the localization level of related products in China is not high with the relatively lacking technical reserves. There are numerous core technical challenges that are all required to be solved by civil aviation researchers and engineers, such as, the new-generation equipment and system of communication, navigation, and monitoring; airport equipment and supporting facilities; next-generation air traffic management systems; fan engines that meet new environmental standards and have the fuel-saving performance, etc. The future development of our aviation industry aims to establish a civil aviation power, to master core technologies, to improve the localization rate of various types of equipment, and to enhance our voice of technology in the aviation industry. Therefore, achieving breakthroughs and innovations in technology at a deeper level is a major practical need for the construction of a civil aviation power also the school-running direction of SIAE. 与此同时，C919的成功试飞标志着中国可以自主生产大型客机，这是中国航空高端装备制造业历史性的突破。未来该型飞机在国内航空公司的运行架次将不断提高，急需各领域高级技术人才提供技术保障。其中涉及飞机本质安全的适航审定，是民机成功研制和走向市场的安全保障，是民机产业核心竞争力的重要组成部分，关乎我国民用航空工业的国际话语权。加快适航审定能力建设将为实现国家大飞机战略、发展民机产业、确保大型客机项目获得商业成功提供有力支撑。相对民用航空工业发达国家，我国适航审定能力尚未健全，适航审定人才还有大量缺口，中欧学院以培养高水平工程人才的初心与定位与航科需求相吻合。 At the same time, the successful maiden flight of the C919 marks that China can independently manufacture large passenger aircrafts, which is a historic breakthrough in China’s aviation high-end equipment manufacturing industry. In the future, the number of flights of this type of aircraft in domestic airlines will continue to increase, thus the senior technical personnel in various fields are needed to provide technical support. The airworthiness certification involving the safety of the aircraft is a safe guarantee for the successful development of the civil aircraft and the market entry. It is an important part of the core competitiveness of the civil aircraft industry and is related to the international voice of China’s civil aviation industry. Accelerating the construction of airworthiness certification will provide strong support for achieving the national large aircraft strategy, developing the civil aircraft industry, and ensuring the commercial success of large passenger aircraft projects. Compared with the developed countries of civil aviation industry, China’s capability of airworthiness certification is not yet sound, and there are still a large number of needs for qualified personnel in airworthiness certification. The initial focus and orientation of SIAE to cultivate high-level engineering talents is consistent with the aviation needs. 本硕博一体化人才培养模式拟为优秀学生的成长提供一个良好的平台和机会，同时保证了科学研究的连续性和生源质量的高水平；既有利于交叉学科和跨学科博士生的培养，也为实施研究生教育创新计划提供了可能性，而且为联合培养博士生、博士生国内外访学制度的实施提供了保障，有利于学校高层次人才的培养和办学质量的提高。 The bachelor-master-doctor talents cultivation model is intended to provide a good platform and opportunity for the growth of outstanding students, while ensuring the continuity of scientific research and the high level of the quality of students. It is not only conducive to the cultivation of interdisciplinary doctoral students, but also provides the possibility of implementing innovation programs for graduate education. Moreover, it provides a guarantee for the implementation of the system of joint Ph.D. program and the overseas and domestic academic visits for doctoral students, which is conducive to the cultivation of high-level talents in schools and the improvement of the education quality. 1.2       中国民航大学与中欧学院多样化多层次人才培养的现实需要 1.2 The practical needs of the diversified and multi-level talents cultivation of Civil Aviation University of China and SIAE 中国民航大学是中国民用航空局直属的、以培养民航高级工程技术和管理人才为目标的高等学府。学校坚持立足民航、服务社会发展的战略定位，瞄准航空运输科技发展前沿，依托安全科学与工程、交通运输工程等学科优势，着力解决航空运输安全保障与发展中的重大科技问题。为满足新时代发展的需要，学校构建了“一体两翼三支撑”的新型学科布局。现拥有1个一级学科博士授权点，1个天津市一流建设学科，2个天津市特色学科群，8个天津市重点学科。经过长期耕耘，迄今已经培养毕业生10万余人，其中80%左右从事民航相关工作，占我国民航业工程技术和管理骨干人才的三分之一，在各类岗位上为民航事业发展做出了突出贡献。 The Civil Aviation University of China (hereinafter referred to as CAUC) is an institution of higher education directly under the Civil Aviation Administration of China and aims to cultivate advanced engineering and management talents for civil aviation. CAUC adheres to the strategic positioning of civil aviation and the demands of social development, aims at developing the frontier science of air transportation, and relies on the discipline advantages of “Safety Science and Engineering”, “Traffic and Transportation Engineering” and other subjects to focus on solving major scientific and technological problems in safety and development of air transportation. In order to meet the needs of the new era, CAUC has built a new discipline layout of “one fuselage, two wings and three gears”. Currently there is 1 primary discipline doctoral program, 1 Tianjin municipal top construction discipline, 2 Tianjin municipal specialty discipline groups, and 8 Tianjin municipal key disciplines. More than 100,000 graduates have been fostered so far after the long-term cultivation, of which about 80% are engaged in civil aviation-related work, accounting for one-third of the engineering technology and management talents in China’s civil aviation industry, and making outstanding contributions in various positions for the development of civil aviation development. 中欧学院是经教育部倡议创建与批准、由中国民航大学与法国航空航天大学校集团于2007年合作创办的中国首家航空类精英工程师学院。中欧学院充分借鉴了法国精英工程师教育培养模式与经验，引进法国优质教育资源，依靠广泛的航空企业合作平台，以期培养具有深厚数理基础、宽广专业领域知识、卓越工程实践与创新能力、跨文化交流与沟通能力的创新型复合型航空工程技术与管理人才。 SIAE is the first aviation elite engineering college of China co-founded by the Civil Aviation University of China and the GEA Group in 2007. SIAE fully draws on the education model and experience of French elite engineers, introduces the quality education resources from France, and relies on a wide range of cooperation platforms of aviation enterprise to cultivate the innovative and composite talents of aeronautical engineering technology and management with a solid mathematical foundation, broad professional knowledge, excellent engineering practice and innovation capabilities, and intercultural communication skills. 中欧学院围绕国家急需的航空专业人才需求，提出了以人才培养为中心，以行业需求为导向，以能力培养为重点，为民用航空运行维护、技术研发以及国家航空装备设计与制造提供人才和智力支持。“6.5+X”的本硕博一体化培养方案，将为中欧学院学生提供一种向更高层次发展的可行路径，丰富了学生未来的选择，有利于学生在不同阶段掌握多层次的学术知识及专业能力；也有利于学校构建与完善新型学科建设体系、搭建本硕博人才培养平台、提升人才培养层次与质量、夯实学生服务民航与社会的能力。“6.5+X”的本硕博一体化培养路径分为三个阶段： Focusing on the urgent national needs of aviation professionals, SIAE proposes to consider the talent cultivation as the center; the industry demand as the orientation; and the capacity cultivation as the emphasis; and continues to provide talents for the operation, maintenance, technology research and development of civil aviation, as well as the design and manufacturing of national aviation equipment. “6.5+X” Successive Bachelor-Master-Doctor Talents Cultivation Program will provide a feasible way for SIAE students to become the higher-level personnel, offering students more prospective choices, helping students master multi-level academic knowledge and professional skills at different stages. This program is also conducive to CAUC to build and improve the new discipline construction system, build the platform of bachelor-master-doctor talents cultivation, enhance the level and quality of personnel cultivation, and consolidate the ability of students to serve the civil aviation industry and society. The path of cultivation is divided into three phases: 第一个阶段是为期三年的预科教育阶段。本阶段注重对近现代数理基础科学的高度综合性教学，为后续专业学习与科学研究打下深厚的数理基础。同时，注重强化法语及英语教学，学生能够完全掌握外语授课课程、具备英语和法语的航空知识背景与论文外语写作的基本能力。 The first phase is a three-year preparatory education, which pays attention to the highly comprehensive education of “modern and contemporary mathematics science”, and lays a solid mathematical foundation for follow-up professional study and scientific research. Meanwhile, students can fully grasp the curriculum in foreign languages, own the background of aviation knowledge no matter in English or French, as well as the basic ability of foreign language writing by focusing on strengthening the teaching of French and English. 第二个阶段是为期三年半的精英工程教育阶段。本阶段注重理论与实践相结合，将工程实践贯穿在教学各阶段。中欧学院与法国航空航天大学校集团，以及中欧双方合作企业共同制定专业基础课程、专业课程、企业实践等各环节的教学培养方案。学生需完成认知实习、蓝领实习、技术实习与工程项目实践。使学生在具备深厚的理论科学基础的同时，拥有较强的工程实践能力和创新能力、良好的国际交流能力与团队合作精神。 The second phase is a three-and-a-half-year elite engineering education, at which the focus is on the combination of theory and practice, and the engineering practice runs through all stages of teaching. SIAE, the GEA Group, as well as Sino-European cooperative enterprises, jointly develop education and cultivation programs for professional basic courses, professional courses, corporate practice and other items. Students are required to complete cognitive internships, blue-collar internships, technical internships, and engineering project practices in order to have strong engineering practice and innovation ability, good international communication skills and teamwork spirit while having a profound theoretical and scientific foundation. 第三个阶段是为期三年半的博士教育阶段。本阶段学生可选择多种方式继续博士阶段的学习与研究。博士的研究工作能够加深学生的专业素质和研究水平，培养学生广博的专业知识和极强的工程实践与创新能力，使学生深入了解行业发展前沿问题与最新研究领域，并具备高度的责任心和社会使命感。 The third phase is a three-and-a-half-year doctoral education phase. At this stage, students can choose to continue their PhD studies and research in a variety of ways. The research work of Ph.D. can improve students’ professional quality and research level; cultivate students’ extensive professional knowledge, strong engineering practice and innovation ability; enable students to deeply understand the frontier issues and the latest research fields of the civil aviation industry, and to have a high sense of responsibility and social mission. 1.3学生获得更高层次发展的现实需要 1.3 The practical needs of students to achieve higher-level development 未来几年，我国航空将步入快速发展阶段，高层次航空人才的短缺将会成为制约行业发展的瓶颈。中欧学院的学生在研究领域继续深造，直接关系到个人未来就业、发展空间和薪酬水平。将行业发展需要与个人发展相结合，实现职业发展、薪酬待遇与行业技术进步相统一，也符合学院对未来中欧毕业生的期待。 In the next few years, China’s aviation will develop rapidly, and the shortage of high-level aviation talents will definitely become a constraint on the development of the industry. The students of SIAE continue their studies in the field of research, which is directly related to their employment, development and salary in the future. Combining the needs of industry development with personal development to achieve the unification among the professional development, remuneration and technical progress in the industry, is also in line with the expectations of SIAE for future SIAE graduates. “6.5+X”本硕博一体化培养的目标是培养学术研究与工程实用的复合型博士，满足政府、企事业单位对具有科研能力、实践能力、管理能力的复合型人才的需求。本方案侧重校企联合培养，在实现企业与高校密切协作的同时，使博士生在课题科研期间不仅能够取得优质的科研成果，同时也要具备将研究成果转化成经济效益的能力。中欧学院的学生经过“6.5+X”本硕博一体化培养，将成为同时具有研究能力和工程技术的高级人才，未来的就业渠道将继续拓展。可能的就业方向包括航空及国防研究机构的科研岗位、国际民航组织及中国民航局的技术岗位、机场高级管理人才岗位、航空制造企业（如中航工业、中商发等）的研发工程师、航空公司高级工程师岗位等多种选择。在上述企业的高级岗位工作，个人的发展空间和薪资水平都得到了切实的保障。 The goal of “6.5+X” Successive Bachelor-Master-Doctor Talents cultivation Program is to cultivate the inter-disciplinary doctoral talents in academic research and engineering, and to meet the needs of the government, enterprises and institutions for versatile personnel with the abilities of scientific research, practice and management. This program focuses on the joint cultivation of universities and enterprises. While achieving deeper collaboration between enterprises and universities, doctoral students can not only obtain high-quality results of scientific research during the research period, but also have the ability to transform the research results into economic interest. The students of SIAE, after the cultivation of this program, will become the senior talents with research ability and engineering technology. Their future employment will have more channels. There are possible employment directions including research positions in aviation and national defense research institutions, technical positions in ICAO and CAAC, senior management positions in airports, R&D engineers in aviation manufacturing companies (such as AVIC, AECC, etc.), senior engineer positions of airlines and many other options. In the senior positions of the above-mentioned enterprises, the personal development and the level of salary have been effectively guaranteed. 同为高等航空航天类院校，根据北航最新发布的毕业生就业报告（如图1-1），该校博士毕业生入职第一年工资明显高于本科及硕士毕业生，超过70%的博士毕业生平均年薪超过15万元，其中40%的平均年薪超过20万元。总体上看，博士毕业生就业平均年薪最高，高达18.31万元；硕士毕业生就业平均年薪为16.10万元，本科毕业生就业平均年薪为10.58万元。该校毕业生投身中国航天科技集团等航空航天及国防科技工业人数总计1055人，就业单位前4名均为航空航天类企业。分学历层次来看，本科毕业生就业单位主要是民营企业（63.76%）、国有企业（18.67%）。硕士毕业生就业单位主要是民营企业（36.85%）、国有企业（24.71%）、科研设计单位（22.05%）。而博士毕业生就业单位主要是科研设计单位（42.86%）、高等教育（31.55%）、国有企业（11.61%），如图1-2所示。 Beihang University is also an aeronautical university, according to its latest graduate employment report (Figure 1-1), the doctoral graduates’ salary of the first year is significantly higher than that of the undergraduates and graduates. More than 70% of Ph.D. graduates have an average annual salary of more than 150,000 yuan, 40% of which have an average annual salary of more than 200,000 yuan. On the whole, the average annual salary of doctoral graduates is the highest, reaching 183,100 yuan; the average annual salary of master graduates is 161,000 yuan; and that of undergraduate graduates is 105,800 yuan. The graduates of Beihang University have entered into the aerospace industry and Science. Technology and Industry for National Defense, such as China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC), with a total of 1055 people. The top 4 employers are aerospace companies. At the level of academic qualifications, the employment units of undergraduates are mainly private enterprises (63.76%) and state-owned enterprises (18.67%). The employment units of master graduates are mainly private enterprises (36.85%), state-owned enterprises (24.71%), and the units of research and design (22.05%). The employment units of doctoral graduates are mainly related to scientific research and design (42.86%), higher education (31.55%), and state-owned enterprises (11.61%), as shown in Figure 1-2. 图1-1 北航2018年毕业生年薪分布情况统计 图1-2 北航2018年博士毕业生就业单位情况统计 Figure 1-2 Statistics on the employment units of doctoral graduates of Beihang University in 2018  目前，中国民航大学安全学科博士点刚刚设立，尚无本校博士毕业生。但仍有很多中国民航大学的本科、硕士毕业生选择继续深造，在其他高等院校进行博士阶段的学习，并在毕业后获得了优秀的职业发展机会。中欧学院的学生在预科和工程师阶段积累了深厚数理基础，具备了良好的科学素养。中欧学院培养的人才不应只局限于航空公司和运营单位的基础工作，更应有高层次的目标和追求。中欧学院的学生在此方面具有得天独厚的优势，同时拥有申请国际与国内高等院校博士、中外联合培养方式博士等多种发展路径。根据实际情况，合理规划个人发展，明确学习和职业目标对每名中欧学生都具有重要意义。 Currently, the doctoral degree of safety disciplines of Civil Aviation University of China has just been established, and there is no doctoral graduate. However, there are still many undergraduates and postgraduates from Civil Aviation University of China who choose to continue their further studies, pursue their doctoral studies in other higher education institutions, and have obtained excellent opportunities of career development after graduation. The students of SIAE have accumulated a profound mathematical foundation in the preparatory and engineer stages and have a good scientific literacy. The talents cultivated by SIAE should not be limited to the basic work of airlines and operating units, but should also have high-level goals and pursuits. The students of SIAE have unique advantages in this respect. Meanwhile, they have many development paths for applying for doctoral degrees in international and domestic universities and doctoral programs in Sino-foreign joint cultivation. It’s of great significance to every SIAE student to make the reasonable planning of personal development, clear goals of learning and career according to the actual situation.  二、可行性 二、The feasibility 2.1 国内深造 2.1 Domestic further studies 2.1.1 国家对培养高层次人才提供了发展环境及政策 2.1.1 China provides the development environment and policies for cultivating high-caliber talents. 经过改革开放40年来的大力发展，中国的航空事业取得了举世瞩目的巨大成就：航空运输持续快速增长、市场化程度不断提高、航线网络逐步完善、服务质量和航班正常率稳步提升，为国民经济建设和社会发展做出了积极贡献。当前我国正处于从民航大国向民航强国转型的关键时期，未来的发展道路有机遇更面临许多挑战。航空运输快速增长与保障能力不强的矛盾日益凸显，高精尖领域的国外技术垄断和技术封锁亟待打破，航空服务产品、技术标准和发展理念需要走出国门，这些都需要依靠自主科技研发和高层次人才队伍的支撑。 After 40 years of reform and opening up, China’s aviation industry has gained remarkable achievements: air transportation, marketization, route network, and service quality and flight punctuality rate continue to grow rapidly and steadily, which have made positive contributions to the construction of the national economy and society. Currently, China is in a critical period of transition from a civil aviation country to a civil aviation power. There are opportunities as well as many challenges in the future development. The contradiction between rapid growth of air transportation and weak support capability has become increasingly prominent. Foreign technology monopoly and technical blockade in high-tech fields need to be broken. The aviation service products, technical standards and development concepts need to go abroad. These need the support of independent technology research and development and the team of high-caliber personnel. 为了给国家航空事业建设提供人才保证和智力支持，中国民航局根据《国家中长期人才发展规划纲要（2010-2020年）》和科技部《创新人才推进计划实施方案》的总体部署，制定了《民航业人才队伍建设中长期规划（2010-2020年）》（后简称《规划》）。《规划》的主要任务是造就一批航空业科技创新领军人才和重点领域创新团队，明确指出要实施“民航中青年英才培养计划”，加大对骨干人才的培养和资助力度，实施继续教育和实践锻炼相结合、国内培养和国际交流合作相衔接的开放式培养，加快优秀拔尖人才成长。 The Civil Aviation Administration of China has formulated the “Medium and long-term talent team planning of civil aviation industry (2010-2020)” (hereinafter referred to as “Planning”), according to the “National Medium and Long-term Science and Technology Talent Development Planning (2010-2020)”, and “Innovative Talent Promotion Plans” issued by the People’s Republic of China ministry of science and technology, in order to provide the talent guarantee and intellectual support for the construction of the national aviation industry. The main task of the “Planning” is to foster a group of leading talents in the aviation industry’s scientific and technological innovation and innovative teams in key areas, clearly figuring out the implementation of the “Civil Aviation Young and Middle-aged Talents Cultivation Program”; increasing the cultivation and funds for talents, and continuing the combination of education and practice, the link between domestic education and international exchanges and cooperation; which will accelerate the growth of outstanding top talents. 积极利用国家自然科学基金等国家资助，选派中青年教学科研人员到国外留学进修。近年来在这些政策的积极作用下，中国民航大学、北京航空航天大学、南京航空航天大学等航空航天类院校，已经有多位本科生、研究生、在职教师等在国家留学基金委(CSC,China Scholarship Council )的资助下赴国外完成硕士、博士、博士后的深造（实际案例及CSC奖学金申请的具体方法参见2.2）。由此可见，国家着力推进航空航天高精尖人才培养的政策为进行博士学位的学习和深造提供了最直接的支持和最坚实的保障。 Young and middle-aged personnel of teaching and research are selected to study abroad for further study by actively using state-funded funds such as the National Natural Science Foundation of China. In recent years, these policies have played an active role. The aeronautical and aviation colleges such as Civil Aviation University of China, Beihang University, and Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics have already had a number of undergraduate, graduate, and in-service teachers have completed their postgraduate studies, doctoral studies, and post-doctoral studies abroad under the auspices of the China Scholarship Council (see 2.2 for specific examples of practical cases and CSC scholarship applications). It can be seen that the national policy of fostering the highly talented professionals of aerospace provides the most direct support and the most solid guarantee for the study and further study of doctoral degree. 2.1.2 天津市对培养高层次人才提供了发展环境及政策 2.1.2 Tianjin municipality provides the development environment and policies for cultivating high-caliber talents. 当前，我国经济已由高速增长阶段转向高质量发展阶段，经济结构出现重大变化，居民消费加快升级，创新进入活跃期。因此，未来的发展道路要把重点放在推动产业结构转型升级上，要大力培育新产业、新动能、新增长极。2018年3月7日，习近平总书记在两会期间强调：“发展是第一要务,人才是第一资源,创新是第一动力。”想要保证优结构、高质量的发展，人才是关键。各地为了鼓励和扶持高端人才发展，纷纷推出各项优惠政策。以下以天津市为例进行介绍。 Currently, China’s economy has transformed from a high-speed growth stage to a high-quality development stage. The economic structure has undergone major changes; the consumption has accelerated and upgrades; and the innovation has entered into an active period. Therefore, the future development path should focus on promoting the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure, and vigorously cultivate new industries, new engines, and new growth poles. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized during the two sessions on March 7, 2018: “Development is the first priority, talent is the first resource, and innovation is the first driving force.” Talents are the key to ensuring superior structure and high-quality development. Various localities have launched diversified preferential policies in order to encourage and support the development of high-end talents. The following takes Tianjin as an example. （1）2013年起，为支持留学回国教师的科研工作，天津市科学技术委员会推出了“天津市自然科学基金绿色通道项目”。该类项目面向优秀留学回国人员（含新引进的其他省市高端人才），要求项目申请人必须具有博士学位、在国外留学或工作连续三年以上。该项目每年预计资助40项，每项资助10万元。 (1) The Tianjin Science and Technology Commission has launched the “Tianjin Natural Science Foundation Green Channel Project” since 2013 in order to support the research work of returning teachers. This type of project is for outstanding returnees (including high-end talents from other provinces and cities newly introduced), and requires project applicants to have a doctoral degree, study abroad or work for more than three consecutive years. The project is expected to fund 40 projects each year, each granting 100,000 yuan. （2）2016年4月，天津市启动实施“加快引进海外高端人才三年推进计划”。一是支持开展引才信息发布工作；二是支持建设海外人才工作站；三是支持聘用海外招才引智大使；四是支持留学人员创业园建设；五是支持海外人才创新成果孵化中心建设。其中，新近回国的高层次留学人员申报应用基础与前沿技术研究计划享受绿色通道专项政策，高层次留学回国人员不受现有职称等级、在津工作年限等限制，当年可破格越级申报职称，事业单位采用年薪工资等方式聘用高层次留学人员的工资，不纳入绩效工资总额调控范围。 (2) Tianjin launched the “Three-year Promotion Plan for Accelerating the Introduction of Overseas High-end Talents” in April 2016. The first is to support the publication of information on the introduction of talents; the second is to support the construction of overseas talent workstations; the third is to support the recruitment of overseas ambassadors for recruiting talents; the fourth is to support the construction of overseas students’ entrepreneurial parks; and the fifth is to support the construction of innovation incubation centers of overseas talents. There are many policies like follows. The newly-returned high-level overseas personnel can enjoy the special policies of green channel while applying the research plan of application base and frontier technology, and they can exceptionally declare the title in the same year which is not limited to the current title level and the working years in Tianjin, etc. The unit employs of high-level overseas staff by means of annual salary and other methods, which is not included in the scope of total performance pay. （3）2016年7月，天津市出台《中共天津市委、天津市人民政府关于贯彻落实〈国家创新驱动发展战略纲要〉的实施意见》，明确要培养集聚人才，筑牢科技创新根基。面向全球重点引进从事国际前沿科学技术研究、带动新兴学科发展的杰出科学家、研究团队和高层次创新型人才。积极推进人才发展特殊支持计划、“131”创新型人才培养工程，实施博士后培养支持计划，扩大博士后建站规模。设立天津杰出青年科学基金，项目研究期限为四年，资助经费一般为100万元/人，原则上每年遴选资助30人。制定实施“杰出人才培养计划”。继续深化“一张绿卡管引才”制度，实现人才服务一点采集、多点共享、全程管理、一站办理，切实为人才提供“保姆式”服务。 (3) Tianjin issued the “Implementation Opinions of the Tianjin Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Tianjin Municipal People’s Government on Implementing the Outline of the National Strategy on Innovation-Driven Development” in July 2016, clearly stimulating the cultivation of talents and building the foundation of technological innovation. Tianjin will introduce outstanding scientists, research teams and high-level innovative talents who are engaged in international frontier science and technology research and promote the development of new disciplines. Tianjin will actively promote the special support plan for talent development, the “131” innovative talent cultivation project, implement the support program of post-doctoral cultivation, and expand the scale of post-doctoral station. The Tianjin Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars was established. The research period of the project is four years with generally 1 million yuan/person for funding. In principle, 30 people are selected each year. Tianjin will formulate and implement the “Program for the Development of Outstanding Talents”; continue to deepen the system of “A Green Card for the Introduction of Talents”; realize the one-point collection of talents’ information, multi-point information sharing, full-time management, and one-stop processing; and effectively provide “nanny-style” services for talents. （4）2017年8月，天津市印发《天津市青年人才托举工程实施办法（试行）》，面向全职在天津地区工作的年龄在32岁以下，在自然科学领域从事基础研究、工程技术应用、成果推广转化等工作中具有较强创新潜力的优秀青年科技人才，支持他们在创造力“黄金期”潜心研究、深入探索，尽快成长为天津市高层次科技创新人才的后备力量。项目每年选拔和培养20人，入选者每年资助15万元，进行连续3年稳定的资助培养。对与天津市用人单位签订3年以上工作合同，引进或留津工作的博士毕业生（非在职），给予连续3年每年5万元奖励资助；引进或留津工作的出站博士后（非在职），给予一次性20万元奖励资助。对博士后科研流动站、工作站招收的博士后（非在职），给予一次性5万元奖励资助。纳入博士后国际化培养计划的，给予每人最高10万元经费资助。 (4) Tianjin issued the “Implementation Measures for Tianjin Young Talents Supporting Project (Trial)” in August 2017, working for full-time employees under the age of 32 in Tianjin, who are excellent young scientific and technological talents with strong innovation potential in the work of promoting and transforming achievements in basic research and engineering technology applications in the natural sciences. The support will offer for them to study and explore in the “golden period” of creativity, and grow into the reserve force of Tianjin high-level scientific and technological innovation talents as soon as possible. The project selects and cultivates 20 people each year. Each selected participant will receive 150,000 yuan each year for a stable three-year funding. A doctoral graduate (not in-service) who has signed a work contract with a Tianjin employer for more than three years, and who has introduced or stayed in Tianjin, will be awarded 50,000 yuan per year for three consecutive years; while the postdoctor (non-employment) of the introduction or staying in Tianjin will be given a one-time grant of 200,000 yuan. A postdoctor (non-on-the-job) recruited for the post-doctoral research centers and workstations will be awarded a one-time grant of 50,000 yuan. If one is included in the cultivation program of post-doctoral internationalization, he will be awarded a maximum of 100,000 yuan per person. （5）2018年1月，天津市发布《天津市进一步加快引育高端人才若干措施》，进一步营造引才、育才的良好环境。涉及人才引进、培养、平台建设、激励奖励、优化服务等方面。其中，对于博士毕业，引进或留津工作的青年人才，给予连续3年，每年5万元资助。 除天津市外，其他地区对于高端人才培养也提供了扶植政策。湖北武汉：建设人才公寓，每月租金在850元左右，家电家具一应俱全。 此外，博士毕业生的最低年薪标准为8万元，远高于武汉市最低工资标准1750元/月。浙江杭州：毕业后一年内在该市用人单位就业或自主创业，博士研究生每人补贴3万元。广东：特支计划“科技创新青年拔尖人才”，每年资助博士和博士后200名，每人给予50万的生活补贴。在站博士后资助标准提高到每人每年15万元生活补贴，直接申报副高职称，出站一年直接认定正高职称。粤东西北地区工作成绩突出的博士和博士后，不受工作年限资历限制，可直接申报正高职称。辽宁沈阳：对新落户并在沈工作的全日制博士毕业生，在沈首次购买商品住房的给予6万元购房补贴。原籍非沈阳的全日制博士毕业生首次来沈就业创业，可享受800元/月不超过三年的租房补贴。 由此可见，进行博士深造不但是国家所需，时代所趋，同时对于个人的未来发展也是非常有利的。 (5) Tianjin issued “Several Measures for Tianjin to Further Accelerate the Cultivation of High-end Talents” in January 2018 to further create a good environment for talent introduction and development, which involves talent introduction, cultivation, platform construction, incentive rewards, and optimization of services. Among these measures, for the young talents with the doctoral degree who have been introduced or stayed in Tianjin will be given 50,000 yuan per year for three consecutive years. In addition to Tianjin, other regions have also provided support policies for high-end talent cultivation. For example, Wuhan, Hubei: the construction of talent apartments with the monthly rent of 850 yuan. The home appliances and furniture are readily available. Besides, the minimum annual salary for doctoral graduates is 80,000 yuan, which is much higher than the minimum wage in Wuhan of 1,750 yuan / month. Hangzhou, Zhejiang: the doctoral students each will be subsidized 30,000 yuan when employed or self-employed in the employer of Hangzhou within one year after graduation. Guangdong: The Special plan “Young Top-Notch Talents of Technology and Innovation”, which sponsors 200 doctors and post-doctors each year, each giving living allowances of 500,000 yuan. The post-doctoral funding standard in the research center has been raised to a living allowance of 150,000 yuan per person per year, and the vice-senior title can be directly declared while the senior title can be directly recognized after one year of the departure. Doctors and post-doctors with outstanding work performance in the eastern, western and northern parts of Guangdong are not subject to the qualifications of work experience, they can directly declare senior titles. Shenyang, Liaoning: A full-time Ph.D. graduate who has settled and worked in Shenyang, will be given a subsidy of 60,000 yuan for the purchase of commercial housing for the first time. The full-time Ph.D. graduates, who aren’t originally from Shenyang but come to work and start a business at the first time, can enjoy a rent subsidy of 800 yuan / month for no more than three years. It can be seen that the doctoral education is not only the needs of the country, but also the trend of the times, and it is also very beneficial to the future development of the individual. 2.1.3中国民航大学为开展博士培养提供上升通道及配套政策 2.1.3 Civil Aviation University of China provides an upward channel and supporting policies for doctoral cultivation. 中国民航大学建校于1951年，经历68年的开拓进取，现已成为一所全面覆盖民航学科专业的综合性航空航天类大学。自成立以来，学校始终与中国民航的发展休戚与共，不断发挥支撑和引领作用，着力培养高素质应用型人才。近年来，学校以更加开放的态度和积极的政策鼓励学生和在职教师赴欧美国家进行交流和深造（实际案例参见2.2）。 Founded in 1951, Civil Aviation University of China has experienced 68 years of pioneering and enterprising, and has now become a comprehensive aeronautical university with a extensive coverage of civil aviation disciplines. Since its establishment, CAUC has always shared weal and woe with the development of China's civil aviation, and has continued to play a supporting and leading role in efforts to cultivate high-quality applied talents. In recent years, CAUC has encouraged students and in-service teachers to exchange and have further study in Europe and the United States with a more open attitude and active policies (see 2.2 for practical cases). 2018年1月，经国务院学位委员会第34次会议审议通过，中国民航大学正式成为博士学位授予单位，安全科学与工程一级学科为博士学位授权点，并于2019年正式开始博士招生。这标志着中国民航大学形成了“学士、硕士、博士”完整的学位授权体系，办学层次和办学水平迈上了新的台阶。同时，中国民航大学成为了我国民航系统首个博士学位授予单位，填补了国内航空安全领域博士点空白。博士学位授予权的获得不仅对中国民航大学安全科学与工程学科的建设和发展有着积极的促进作用，同时也为本校学生提供了读博深造的直接渠道。除本校培养博士外，学校还可以与欧美国家联合培养博士并授予博士文凭，为民航大学学生申请博士深造提供了更多的机会。 In January 2018, Civil Aviation University of China officially became a doctoral degree-granting unit authorized by the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council at the 34th meeting. The first-grade discipline of “Safety Science and Engineering” has become the doctoral program, and the doctoral enrollment officially starts in 2019. This indicates that the Civil Aviation University of China has formed a complete degree authorization system of “Bachelor, Master, and Doctor”, and the level of academic education and the level on running a school have reached a new high. At the same time, Civil Aviation University of China becomes the first doctoral degree-granting unit of China’s civil aviation system, filling the gap in the field of domestic aviation safety. The doctoral degree has not only positively promoted the construction and development of the “Safety Science and Engineering” of the Civil Aviation University of China, but also provided the students with direct channels for further study. In addition to the doctoral degree in our school, CAUC can also jointly cultivate doctors and grant doctoral diplomas with Europe and the United States, providing more opportunities for CAUC students to apply for doctoral studies. 2.1.4 中欧航空工程师学院毕业生获得博士培养的成功案例 2.1.4 Successful cases of graduates of Sino-European Institute of Aviation Engineering for Doctor application 中欧学院作为中国首家航空类精英工程师培养学院于2011年正式列入国家教育部第二批“卓越工程师教育培养计划”。2013年6月学院接受法国工程师学衔委员会（CTI）专家来校评估，并于同年10月在CTI认证中获得最高等级，即一次通过有效期为六年的认证，同时获得欧洲工程教育机构认证；2014年，学院被列入中法两国人文交流机制重要合作内容，并成为教育部中法工程师学院联盟核心成员。 SIAE, as the first cultivation college of aviation elite engineer in China, was officially listed in the second batch of “Excellent Engineer Education and Cultivation Program” of the Ministry of Education in 2011. In June 2013, SIAE accepted the evaluation of the experts from Commission des Titres d’Ingénieur (CTI) and obtained the highest level in the CTI certification in October of the same year, that is, one-time certification for six years, and obtained the European Engineering Education Agency certification; In 2014, SIAE was included in the important cooperation of the humanity-exchange mechanism between China and France, and became a core member of the Union of Sino-French Institute of Engineer of the Ministry of Education. 中欧学院为博士培养提供了多种有利条件。（1）学院教学体系的前三年着重培养学生深厚的数理基础，后三年半（或四年）着重培养学生全面的行业背景知识和优秀的工程实践能力。这使得毕业生具备了开展博士阶段学习所必须的基本素质和知识储备，是博士学习的先决条件。（2）学院对学生的语言能力有着较高的要求，要求学生通过英语托业（785分以上）和法语DELF B2等级考试(50分以上)。毕业生会获得由法国工程师委员会认证的工程师文凭。这些条件为申请欧美的博士提供基本条件。（3）中欧学院部分工程师阶段的课程由法国各工程师学校的在职教师承担，这些教师本人或所在实验室通常会招收博士生来帮助完成科研项目，这为学生读博提供了更多的可能性。（4）中国民航大学基于中欧学院开展了外派师资项目，获得法国博士文凭的年轻教师已经陆续回到学院工作。这些年轻教师在法国读博的学校和经历各不相同，对于申请法国或其他国家的博士了解得比较深入，可以为学生提供参考意见和实际帮助。（5）中欧学院有着丰富的对外合作办学经验，比较了解欧美国家（尤其是法国）的教育体系，有利于学生毕业后更顺利地衔接博士阶段的学习。 SIAE enjoys a variety of advantages for doctoral cultivation. (1) The first three years of the teaching system focus on cultivating students’ profound mathematical foundations. After three and a half years (or four years), they will focus on developing students’ comprehensive industry background knowledge and excellent engineering practice skills. This makes the graduates have the basic qualities and knowledge reserves necessary for the doctoral study, which is a prerequisite for doctoral study. (2) SIAE has high requirements for students’ language ability, and requires students to pass the English TOEIC (785 points or above) and the French DELF test of B2 level (50 points or more). Graduates will receive a diploma in engineering certified by the Commission des Titres d’Ingénieur. These conditions serve as the basic requirements for applying for a Ph.D. in Europe and America. (3) Some curriculums of engineers in SIAE are undertaken by the in-service teachers of the French engineering schools. These teachers or their laboratories usually recruit doctoral students to help complete the research projects, which provides more possibilities for students for doctoral education. (4) The Civil Aviation University of China has launched an expatriate program for SIAE. The young teachers who have obtained a doctoral degree in France have returned to the college successively. These young teachers have different schools and experiences in France, and they have a deeper understanding of applying for doctors in France or other countries that can provide students with reference and practical help. (5) SIAE has a wealth of experience in foreign-cooperation education, and a better understanding of the education systems of European and American countries (especially France), which is conducive to the better connection between doctors and students after graduation. 正因为中欧学院为博士深造提供了诸多有利条件，自第一届毕业生起，每年都有若干学生在获得工程师文凭后申请国内外的博士项目，继续进行深造。值得一提的是，中欧学院一直秉承培养学生广阔的知识面和严谨的逻辑思维能力，使得毕业生的发展渠道并不仅局限于航空工业。事实上，已经有毕业生从事其他方向博士课题研究的成功案例（具体参见2.2）。 It is precisely because SIAE has provided many favorable conditions for doctoral studies. Since the first graduates, several students have applied for doctoral programs at home and abroad after obtaining the diploma of engineers, and continue to pursue further studies. It is worth mentioning that SIAE has always been committed to cultivating students’ broad knowledge and rigorous logical thinking abilities, so that the development channels for graduates are not limited to the aviation industry. In fact, there have been successful cases in which graduates are engaged in other researches on doctoral subjects (see 2.2 for details). 成功案例： Successful Case: 姓 名：季春明（Ji Chunming） Name: Ji Chunming 专业方向：飞机结构与材料 Major: Aircraft Structure and Materials 毕业年份：2019届硕士 Year of Graduation: Master of 2019 读博年份：2019-2023 Year of Ph.D.: 2019-2023 博士院校：哈尔滨工业大学（Harbin Institute of Technology） Doctoral Institution: Harbin Institute of Technology 资助来源：国家自然科学基金、博士研究生国家奖学金 Source of Funding: The National Natural Science Foundation of China, National Scholarship for Doctoral Students 研究内容：纳米孪晶金属材料的疲劳性能及其强化机制 Research Contents: Fatigue Properties and Strengthening Mechanism of Metallic Materials with Nano-Scale Twins 2.2 国外留学深造 2.2 Study Abroad 鉴于中欧学院学生在法语方面的特有优势，本部分以法国和加拿大两个法语国家为例，介绍国外留学深造可行性。 In view of the unique advantages of SIAE students in French, this section takes the French and Canadian francophone countries as examples to introduce the feasibility of studying abroad. 2.2.1 留学法国 2.2.1 Study in France 1. 深厚的航空航天背景 1. Profound Aerospace Background 法国是现代航空启蒙最早的国家，是欧洲航空工业的代表。对于留学博士生来说，法国具有深厚的航空航天背景、良好的实践平台和广泛的科研机会。放眼全球，目前在飞机制造领域只有空客和波音两家大型飞机制造商有着深厚的技术积累，而空客的总部就坐落于法国图卢兹。除空客外，世界一流的航空发动机和设备制造商--赛峰集团、防务类机械电子科技产品制造商--泰雷兹集团的总部均设置在法国。此外，法国巴黎是欧洲航空枢纽，拥有戴高乐机场、奥利机场和伯伟机场（货运）这三个大型客货运机场。法国境内航空公司法国航空，在2004年收购荷兰皇家航空公司后组成法航荷航集团，成为欧洲最大的航空公司。法国拥有坚实的民航科研和运营的经验和实力。此外法国的主要民航科研力量是在法国宇航（Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales,CNES）的领导下，长期与各个研究院和高校实验室的合作中建立起来的。法国各个研究院和高校实验室拥有一线研发经验，为博士培养提供了众多实际课题和项目。 France is the earliest country of modern aviation and is the representative of the European aviation industry. For doctoral students studying abroad, France has a profound aerospace background, a good practice platform and extensive research opportunities. Globally, only two large aircraft manufacturers, Airbus and Boeing, have the strong technology in the aircraft manufacturing field, and Airbus’ headquarters is located in Toulouse, France. In addition to Airbus, the world-class aero engine and equipment manufacturer---SAFRAN Group, the manufacturer of defense mechatronic technology products---Thales Group’s headquarters are located in France. Besides, Paris, France is a European aviation hub with three large passenger and cargo airports, Charles de Gaulle Airport, Orly International Airport and Berwick Airport (freight). French airline Air France, after the acquisition of KLM Royal Dutch Airlines in 2004, formed the Air France-KLM Group and became the largest airline in Europe. France has solid experience and strength in civil aviation research and operations. In addition, the major research force of civil aviation has long been established under the leadership of the French Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES) and in cooperation with various research institutes and university laboratories. French research institutes and university laboratories have first-line research and development experience, providing many practical topics and projects for doctoral cultivation. 2. 可行性分析 2. Feasibility Analysis 法国学校国际合作体系成熟，为联合培养博士提供了更多可能性。为了推进欧盟一体化，欧盟内部各个学校之间合作培养硕士博士的项目非常多。而法国作为欧盟的创始国之一和最重要的欧盟成员国，每年要接纳上万名欧盟学生来法学习，因此法国学校积累了深厚的联合培养基础，对不同国家间的联合培养体系非常成熟。关于中法间的联合培养，早在2000年就开始中法9+9项目，随后扩大为国内19所大学。中法合作培养学生由来已久，法国学校对于中国学生的能力非常肯定，而国内学生随着对法国教育体系的不断了解也非常愿意前往法国进行进一步深造。 The mature international cooperation system of French college has provided more possibilities for joint education of doctors. In order to promote the integration of EU, there are many projects in cooperation among schools in the EU to cultivate masters and doctors. As one of the founding members of the European Union and the most important member of the European Union, France has to accept tens of thousands of EU students to study in France every year. Therefore, French schools have accumulated a profound foundation for joint education and are very mature in the joint education system with different countries. Regarding the joint education between China and France, the “Sino-French 9+9 program” began as early as 2000, and subsequently expanded to 19 universities in China. Sino-French cooperation in cultivating students has been for a long time, French schools are very positive about the ability of Chinese students, who are very willing to go to France for further study with the continuous understanding of the French education system. 法国学校有合作培养博士生的意向。在法国对一个学校的综合评价标准分为5个部分：学生毕业起薪，学校国际合作办学项目，科研经费（平均经费），学生入学平均成绩，学校和企业合作紧密度。所以法国学校为了提高国内的排名，非常愿意进行合作办学。例如法国国立民航大学（ENAC）在2010年还是C类工程学校，随着不断对外合作办学，和民航工业的不断发展，在2016年ENAC上升为B类工程学校（法国只有10所左右A+类工程学校）。除此之外，法国教育部，为了扩大法国教育的知名度和影响力，在不断的进行同种类同地域学校间的合并，形成公立大学联合体，比如斯特拉斯堡大学联合体、埃克斯-马赛大学联合体、波尔多大学联合体、格勒诺布尔大学联合体等。因此，公立大学数量由2005年81所减少至2016年71所。由此可见，法国学校对于可以增强法国学校影响力的国际合作非常重视并表现出着强烈的合作意愿。 French schools have the intention to cooperate in fostering doctoral students. The comprehensive evaluation criteria for a school in France are divided into five parts: the student’s graduation salary, the school’s international cooperation program, the research funding (average funding), the average enrollment of student, and the closeness of the school-business cooperation. Therefore, in order to improve the domestic ranking, French schools are very willing to cooperate in running schools. For example, the École Nationale de l’Aviation Civil (ENAC) is still a Class-C engineering school in 2010. With the continuous cooperation with foreign universities and the continuous development of the civil aviation industry, ENAC has improved to be a Class-B engineering school in 2016 (There are only 10 Class-A+ engineering schools in France). In addition, the French Ministry of Education, in order to improve the reputation and influence of French education, is constantly merging between schools of the same kind and in the same region to form a public university complex, such as the University of Strasbourg Consortium, the University of Marseilles Consortium, the University of Bordeaux Consortium, and the University of Grenoble Consortium. As a result, the number of public universities has decreased from 81 in 2016 to 71 in 2016. It can be seen that French schools attach great importance to international cooperation that can enhance the influence of French schools and show a strong willingness to cooperate. 3. 奖学金政策 3. Scholarship Policies 为了鼓励学生攻读博士学位，在法国有数量众多的奖学金，具体可以分为三类：法国政府奖学金，企业奖学金和国外奖学金。以下将分别对这三类博士招生流程进行简介。 In order to encourage students to pursue doctoral degrees, there are a large number of scholarships in France, which can be divided into three categories: French Government Scholarships, French Corporate Scholarships and French Foreign Scholarships. The following three types of doctoral admission processes will be introduced respectively. （1）    法国政府奖学金 (1)    French government scholarships 资金来源：法国教育部和科技部提供。 Source of funding: provided by the French Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Science and Technology. 需要条件：具有法国承认的硕士学位（法国工程师学位等价于硕士学位），且硕士阶段成绩平均分不低于14分（相当于百分制的70分）。 Requirements: A master degree recognized by France ( a French engineer degree is equivalent to a master degree), and the average score of the master degree is not less than 14 points (equivalent to 70 points of the percentage system). 申请流程： Application Processes: ① 首先在公开的网站上寻找博士题目，并联系导师，提交申请； ② 导师对申请者面试，选择一个博士生候选人； ③ 博士生候选人参加政府博士奖学金开题答辩，由评审专家审定博士生候选人是否有资格读博； ④ 如果博士生通过答辩，导师参加政府博士奖学金开题答辩，由评审专家审定题目是否有可以得到资助。 ①       First look for the doctoral topic on the public website and contact the supervisor to submit the application; ②      The supervisor interviews the applicant and selects a doctoral candidate; ③      The doctoral candidates participate in the oral defense of opening report of the government doctoral scholarship, and the reviewing experts will determine whether the candidates are eligible for further study; ④      If the doctoral student passes the defense, the instructor participates in the Government Doctoral Scholarship to open the defense, and the reviewing expert will determine whether the topic can be funded.  成功案例一 Successful Case No.1: 姓 名：张震桐（Zhang Zhentong） Name: Zhang Zhentong 专业方向：航空推进系统 Major: Aviation Propulsion System 毕业年份：2014届硕士 Year of Graduation: Master of 2014 读博年份：2016-2019 Year of Ph.D.: 2016-2019 博士院校：图卢兹国立综合理工学院（National Polytechnic Institute of Toulouse） Doctoral Institution: National Polytechnic Institute of Toulouse 资助来源：法国国家奖学金 Source of Funding: French National Scholarship 主要研究内容：基于经典湍流理论，针对⼤涡模拟湍流气泡流场的应⽤，开发亚网格模型，使之能够根据解析度范围内大尺度流场信息推算出被过滤的小尺度的湍流扰动对气泡运动的影响。 Major Research Contents: Based on the classical turbulence theory, the sub-grid model is developed for the application of turbulent bubble flow field in large eddy simulation, so that it can estimate the influence of the filtered small-scale turbulence disturbance on the bubble motion according to the information of large-scale flow field in the range of resolution. 成功案例二 Successful Case No.2: 姓 名：冯少恒（Feng Shaoheng） Name: Feng Shaoheng 专业方向：飞机结构与材料 Major: Aircraft Structure and Materials 毕业年份：2018届硕士 Year of Graduation: Master of 2018 读博年份：2018-2021 Year of Ph.D.: 2018-2021 博士院校：南特中央理工学院（École centrale de Nantes） Doctoral Institution: École centrale de Nantes 资助来源：法国政府奖学金、中央理工学院集团助学金 Source of Funding: French Government Scholarship, Groupe des Ecoles Centrales Scholarship 研究方向及主要内容：大形变条件下断裂转变损伤及三维数值模拟，利用试验手段确定断裂转变损伤模型的参数以及微观机械模型的识别，并进行相应的三维数值模拟，最终对不同成型工艺和不同材料的损伤模型进行比较。 Research Direction and Major Contents: Fracture-Transition Damage and Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulation applied under the condition of large deformation, using experimental means to determine the parameters of the fracture-transition damage models and the identification of micro-mechanical models, and carry out corresponding three-dimensional numerical simulation, and finally compare the damage models of different forming processes and different materials. （2）    法国企业奖学金 (2) French Corporate Scholarship 资金来源：主要由法国企业提供，一般公布网站为ABG，CFR，CEA，INRIA。 Source of Funding: mainly provided by French companies, generally published on the websites such as ABG, CFR, CEA, INRIA. 需要条件：具有法国承认的硕士学位（法国工程师学位等价于硕士学位）。Requirements: A master degree recognized in France (a French engineer degree is equivalent to a master degree). 申请流程： Application Processes: ① 首先在公开的网站上寻找博士题目，联系企业内导师提交申请； ② 企业内导师对申请者面试，选择至少三个博士生候选人； ③ 企业找合作学校并选择一名学校导师（因为企业不具有发放博士文凭权利）； ④ 学校导师对三个博士生候选人分别进行面试，并给出成绩排序； ⑤ 企业人力资源经理对三个博士生候选人分别进行面试，并给出成绩排序； ⑥ 企业内公布题目的研究团队对三个博士生候选人分别进行面试，并给出成绩排序。并参考学校导师和人力资源经理的成绩进行选择最终博士生人选。 ①       First look for the doctoral topic on the public website and contact the supervisor of the corporate to submit the application; ②      The supervisor interviews the applicants and selects at least three doctoral candidates; ③      The company finds a partner school and selects a school supervisor (because the company does not have the right to issue a doctoral degree); ④      The supervisor interviews the three doctoral candidates respectively and gave a ranking of the results; ⑤      The Corporate Human Resources Manager interviews the three doctoral candidates respectively and gave a ranking of the results; ⑥      The research team that publishes questions within the company interviews the three doctoral candidates respectively, gives a ranking of the results, and refers to the results of the supervisor and HR manager to select the final doctoral candidate.  成功案例 Successful Case 姓 名：李瑞莹（Li Ruiying） Name: Li Ruiying 专业方向：航空推进系统 Major: Aviation Propulsion System 毕业年份：2014届硕士 Year of Graduation: Master of 2014 读博年份：2014-2017 Year of Ph.D.: 2014-2017 博士院校及博士后单位：法国国立高等机械与航空技术学院（ISAE-ENSMA） Doctoral Institution and Postdoctoral Unit: ISAE-ENSMA 资助来源：法国标致雪铁龙集团与Pprime实验室联合资助 Source of Funding: French Peugeot Citroen Group and Pprime Lab jointly funded 主要研究内容：采用线性遗传算法和基于物理控制的方背汽车模型的气动减阻研究 The Major Research Contents: aerodynamic drag reduction research using linear genetic algorithm and physical control based square-back car model  （3）    其他类型奖学金 (3) Other Types of Scholarships 资金来源：由除法国外其他国家提供，可以来自政府、机构或者企业。以下仅按中国国家留学基金委CSC奖学金申请条件和流程进行介绍，其他奖学金信息可以自主查询法国各个学校官方网站或者法国驻华大使馆网站。 Source of Funding: provided by other countries except France, can come from governments, institutions or enterprises. The following is only introduced according to the CSC Scholarship application conditions and procedures of the China Scholarship Council. Other scholarship information can be independently inquired on the official websites of French colleges or the website of the French Embassy in China. 需要条件：具有中国承认的硕士学位（法国工程师学位等价于硕士学位） Requirements: A master degree recognized in France ( a French engineer degree is equivalent to a master degree). 申请流程： Application Processes: ① 首先联系学校和导师，导师需要确定如果CSC奖学金申请成功后，导师可以接收该生读博； ② 博士候选人和导师共同商定博士题目和方向； ③ 博士候选人和导师一起准备材料，向CSC提交申请； ④ 由CSC评审委员会审定博士题目，博士申请人和导师能力，并决定是否给予奖学金。 ①       First contact the institution and the supervisor, the supervisor needs to determine if the CSC scholarship application is successful, then can admit the student for a doctoral degree; ②      The doctoral candidate and the supervisor jointly agree on doctoral topics and directions; ③      The doctoral candidate and the supervisor prepare materials together and submit an application to the CSC; ④      The CSC Accreditation Committee will review the doctoral topic, the abilities of the Ph.D. applicant and the supervisor, then decide whether to grant a scholarship.  成功案例一 Successful Case No.1 姓 名：秦国顺（Qin Guoshun） Name: Qin Guoshun 专业方向：飞机结构与材料 Major: Aircraft Structure and Materials 毕业年份：2016届硕士 Year of Graduation: Master of 2016 读博年份：2018-2021 Year of Ph.D.: 2018-2021 博士院校：法国国立等先进技术学院(ENSTA Paris Tech) Doctoral Institution: ENSTA Paris Tech 资助来源：国家留学基金委 Source of Funding: China Scholarship Council 主要研究内容：多物理耦合材料的多尺度非线性动力学研究 Major Research Contents: Multi-scale nonlinear dynamics study of multi-physical coupling materials  成功案例二 Successful Case No.2 姓 名： 王晓瑞（Wang Xiaorui） Name: Wang Xiaorui 专业方向： 飞机结构与材料 Major: Aircraft Structure and Materials 毕业年份： 2018届硕士 Year of Graduation: Master of 2018 读博年份： 2018-2021 Year of Ph.D.: 2018-2021 博士院校：法国国立里昂应用科学学院（National college of applied sciences, Lyon, France） Doctoral Institution: National college of applied sciences, Lyon, France 资助来源：国家留学基金委 Source of Funding: China Scholarship Council 主要研究内容：纳米材料与纳米结构对热传导的影响和应用研究 The Major Research Contents: the influence and application of nanomaterials and nanostructures on heat conduction 另外，前往法国读博的基本学历要求为拥有法国认可的硕士研究生学历，即无论中国国内文凭或者外国文凭皆可。读博期间奖学金资助必不可少，法国并没有对奖学金来源的具体规定，但奖学金必须来自组织或者机构，自费读博是不允许的，这一点和英国读博要求有所区别。如果导师自己有基金支持，也可以由自己的科研基金支持博士生读博，具体流程由各个导师掌握。关于博士培养期间的导师，可以由一个导师指导，也可以由2个或者3个导师联合指导。这些导师可以来自不同国家的不同的学校、实验室和科研机构。但是要求主要负责的导师来自法国认可的博士学院。 In addition, the basic academic qualifications for studying in France are those with a French-approved master degree, that is, regardless of the Chinese domestic diploma or a foreign diploma. Scholarship funding is essential during the period of Ph.D. There is no specific regulation on the source of scholarships in France. However, the scholarships must come from organizations or institutions. For a Ph.D at one’s own expense is not allowed. This is different from the requirements of that in the UK. If the supervisor has financial support, he or she can also support PhD students to study by their own research fund. The specific process is managed by each supervisor. The doctoral student during the education period can be guided by a supervisor or jointly by 2 or 3 supervisors. These teachers can come from different schools, laboratories and research institutions in different countries. However, the main responsible supervisor is from a French-approved doctoral college.  2.2.2 留学加拿大 2.2.2 Overseas Study in Canada 1. 航空航天背景 1. Aeronautics and Astronautics 加拿大国土面积居全球第二，空域广阔，因此航空业也十分发达，其规模与能力在世界名列前茅。航空航天工业是加拿大国内投资最多的产业之一，相关研究与发展费用占加拿大工业总研究与发展费用的15%左右。 其航空工业的主力代表为：庞巴迪宇航，钻石飞机工业，普惠发动机加拿大分公司等。 现阶段，代表加拿大航空航天工业高技术水平的产品有：涡扇/涡桨支线客机、喷气公务飞机、水陆两用灭火飞机、民用直升机、涡轮发动机、飞机部件、起落架系统、飞机环境系统、无人驾驶飞行器 、航空电子产品、卫星遥测和通信系统、飞行模拟器及空间产品。 此外，加拿大拥有大小机场6000多个，民用飞机36000架，位居世界第三。 加拿大水域辽阔，雪地较多，因此水上飞机和雪地滑行机的占比较大。航空人才培训也是近几年加拿大财政的重要支持业务。 Canada enjoys the second largest territory and vast airspace in the world. Consequently, its aviation industry is of high level, with a capacity ranking first in the world. Aeronautics and astronautics industry are one of the most invested industries in Canada. The research and development cost on aeronautics and astronautics account for about 15% of the total costs in Canadian industry. The main representatives of its aviation industry are Bombardier Aerospace, Diamond Aircraft Industries, Pratt & Whitney Canada, etc. At the present stage, the products representing the high level of Canadian aeronautics and astronautics industry are: turbofan/turboprop regional aircraft, jet business aircraft, amphibious aircraft for fire extinguishing, civil helicopter, turbine engine, aircraft components, landing gear system, aircraft environment system, unmanned aerial vehicle, aviation electronic products, satellite telemetry and communication systems, flight simulator and space products. In addition, Canada has more than 6,000 airports and 36,000 civil aircraft, ranking third in the world. Moreover, Canada enjoy a vast area of waters and huge amount of snow, so seaplanes and snow glider account for a large proportion. Aviation personnel cultivation is also a business that provides financial support in Canada in recent years. 2. 可行性分析 2. Feasibility analysis 加拿大是双语国家，法语区主要是魁北克省，其他省份以英语为主。加拿大高校主要分为三个类别，医博类、综合类、基础类。其中基础类学校主要为本科教学，医博类和综合类大学都可以招收博士生。招收航空航天类博士的学校很多，但都分散在电气工程（Electrical Engineering）, 机械工程（Mechanical Engineering）, 材料科学与工程（Material Science and Engineering）专业等。 加拿大航空机械类比较好的学校有University of Toronto, McGill University, Carleton University, McMaster University, Polytechnique Montreal, Concordia University等，电子/计算机有University of Toronto, University of Waterloo, University de Montreal等。 Canada is a bilingual country. The area of French is mainly Quebec, while the main language for other provinces is mainly English. Canadian universities are mainly divided into three categories: medical, comprehensive and basic category. Among them, basic schools are mainly for undergraduate teaching. Medical/Doctoral universities and comprehensive universities can enroll in students of doctoral degree. There are many universities that enroll PhD students of aeronautics and astronautics, but they are distributed in electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, Material Science and Engineering and so on. The Canadian schools with high-level aeronautics machinery include University of Toronto, McGill University, Carleton University, McMaster University, Polytechnique Montreal, and Concordia University. For electronics and computers, there are University of Toronto, University of Waterloo, and University de Montreal. 加拿大的航空科研机构主要是加拿大国家科学研究委员会的航空航天研究院和多伦多大学航空航天研究所。前者是加拿大国家科学研究委员会下属的一个部门，主要为航空航天企业和空军提供应用研究及定向研究服务。 其研究范围包括低速空气动力学、高速空气动力学、非定常流空气动力学、航空发动机、飞行、结构、材料等学科。 该院现有4座风洞、9架研究用飞机、发动机试车台、噪声反射实验室、结构实验室等研究设备。后者是在第二次世界大战结束后筹建的，其主要研究领域有航空声学、气垫技术、可压缩流、激波现象、航空运输、工业与建筑空气 动力学、结构力学、材料力学、空气动力学、激光谐振等。该研究所的试验设备有风洞、激波管、飞行模拟器等，还设有航空噪声、气垫试验、高超音速风洞、高超音速激波管、空间机械手等试验室，并有一座馆藏8万件技术报告和教科书的图书馆。 Canadian aeronautics research institutions are mainly Aerospace Research Centre - National Research Council Canada and University of Toronto Institute for Aerospace Studies. The former is a department under National Research Council Canada, and it is mainly engaged in providing applied research and directional research services for aeronautics and astronautics enterprises and the air force. Its research scope covers low-speed aerodynamics, high-speed aerodynamics, unsteady flow aerodynamics, aero-engine, flight, structure, materials and other disciplines. The Aerospace Research Centre has 4 wind tunnels, 9 research aircraft, engine test bench, noise reflection laboratory, structure laboratory and other research equipment. The latter was built after the end of World War II. Its main research fields include aero acoustics, air cushion technology, compressible flow, shock wave phenomena, air transportation, industrial and building aerodynamics, structural mechanics, material mechanics, aerodynamics, laser resonance, etc. Toronto Institute for Aerospace Studies is equipped with wind tunnel, shock tube, flight simulator, etc. It also has laboratories for aviation noise, air cushion test, hypersonic wind tunnel, hypersonic shock tube, space manipulator and a library of 80,000 technical reports and textbooks. 加拿大的教授分为助理教授（assistant professor）、副教授(associate professor)、正教授(full professor)，均可以带博士生和博士后。在绝大多数高校中，导师在博士录取过程中起决定性作用（大部分留学生的奖学金来自导师的科研经费资助）。加拿大博士生通常需要在入学后的第二年通过博士资格考试（comprehensive / qualifying / candidacy exam）。不通过即被淘汰，终止博士培养。博士学制通常为4年，但实际毕业期限不定，5-7年也较为普遍。 Canadian professors are divided into assistant professor, associate professor and full professor. They are entitled to supervise doctoral students and postdoctoral students. In the vast majority of universities, the supervisors play a decisive role in the process of doctoral enrollment (most scholarships for overseas students come from the research funding of supervisors). Canadian doctoral students usually need to pass the comprehensive / qualifying / candidacy exam in the second year after entering the university. Doctoral cultivation will be terminated if they don't pass the exam. Doctoral education usually lasts four years, but the actual graduation period is uncertain, which are usually 5-7 years. 在加拿大对博士生候选人的要求因大学和课程而异，但通常需要以下内容： In Canada, the requirements for doctoral candidates vary in terms of university and courses, but they usually require the followings: （1）相关领域的硕士学位，具有较高的成绩和经过验证的研究能力和潜力。 (1) Master's degree in related fields, with high achievement and research ability and potential. （2）语言能力的证明，取决于用英语还是法语学习，通常需要提供语言能力证明。 (2) The certificates for linguistic competence, either in English or French. Usually, certificates for linguistic competence are required. （3）在研究生入学考试GMAT或GRE中取得优异成绩。 (3) To achieve excellent performance in GMAT or GRE. 加拿大博士招生过程因大学而异，但通常需要按照以下步骤申请博士学位： The process of Canadian doctoral enrollment varies from university to university, but it usually requires the following steps: （1）确定要申请的博士课程，联系导师以及研究课题。联系导师时可首先通过电邮取得联系，若导师有意向则会继续安排视频面试。 (1) Confirm the doctoral courses to be applied for, contact the supervisor and research subjects. When contacting a supervisor, you can contact him by e-mail first. If the supervisor has intention to accept, he will arrange a video interview. （2）如果申请开放博士学位，需要按照大学制定的指导方针提交研究计划书，并概述想要研究的内容，以及阐述为什么这是一个有价值的项目。 (2) If you apply for an open doctorate, you need to submit a research plan in accordance with the guidelines laid down by the university, and to outline what you want to study, and explain why it is a valuable project. （3）在线申请，支付相应的申请费并将必要的文件附在申请表上。以下全部或部分内容是需要申请人提前准备的：研究计划、目的的陈述（概述申请人的背景和学术/专业经验）、两三封推荐信（包括申请人未来导师的一封）、学术成绩单和学位证书、写作样本（尤其对于艺术和人文博士学位）、简历（CV）、语言测试结果。另外，一些加拿大大学也可能会要求申请人参加录取面试。 (3) Apply online, pay the fee for application and attach the necessary documents to the application form. The followings are all or part of the materials that the applicant needs to prepare in advance: research plan, statement of purpose (summarizing the applicant's background and academic/professional experience), two or three letters of recommendation (including one of the applicant's future supervisors), academic transcripts and degree certificates, writing samples (especially for the doctoral degree in Arts and humanities), resume (CV), and language test results. In addition, some Canadian universities may require applicants to attend enrollment interviews. 3. 奖学金政策 3. Scholarship policy 加拿大攻读博士学位的学费因大学和课程而异，通常约为加拿大国内学生学费的两倍。许多博士奖学金政策可以帮助国际学生减轻经济负担。加拿大奖学金通常由实验室、学校或国家提供，一般国家提供的奖学金金额相对较高，但竞争也非常激烈。申请人通常需要先确定博士导师，然后在其帮助下申请奖学金。 Canadian doctorate tuition varies in terms of universities to courses, it is usually about twice the tuition fee of Canadian students. Many doctoral scholarship policies can help international students alleviate their financial burden. Canadian scholarships are usually offered by laboratories, schools or the country. Generally, the amount of scholarships offered by the country is relatively high, but the competition is very fierce. Applicants usually need to confirm who will be their doctoral supervisor, then apply for scholarships with their help. 几个有代表性的加拿大的外部资助博士奖学金（非实验室和学校提供的）： The followings are several Canadian doctoral scholarships funded externally (provided not by laboratories and not schools): (1) Vanier加拿大研究生奖学金。每年为社会科学和人文科学，自然科学和工程、健康领域的高素质国际博士生和本地博士生提供50,000加元（约合37,700美元）的奖学金。 (1) Vanier Canadian Postgraduate Scholarship. A scholarship with a sum of 50,000 Canadian dollars ($37,700) is offered annually to high-quality international and local doctoral students in Social Sciences and humanities, natural sciences and engineering, and health. (2)皮埃尔·埃利奥特·特鲁多基金会的博士奖学金。 (2) PhD scholarship from the Pierre Elliott Trudeau Foundation (3)不列颠哥伦比亚大学四年制博士奖学金。每年至少提供18,200加元（约合13,700美元）的津贴，以及为所有四年学习的优秀国际/本地博士生提供的全额学费。 (3) Four-year doctoral scholarship at the University of British Columbia. At least $18,200 of scholarship (about $13,700) is provided per year. Also, full tuition fees are provided for all outstanding international/local doctoral students who have studied for four years. (4)加拿大自然工程学会（Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada，NSERC）的奖学金。 (4) Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada，NSERC.   参考网址： Reference website: https://www. google. ca/amp/s/admissiontable. com/19-scholarships-in-canada-for-international-students/amp/   教学/研究助学金： Teaching/Research Grants:  博士生还可以作为研究或教学助理，通过研究或教学助学金来资助学业。研究助理的工作包括：协助收集和分析数据、撰写报告等。教学助理的工作包括：教授本科课程的一个或多个部分、本科论文评分等。 Doctoral students can also act as research or teaching assistants to support their studies through research or teaching grants. The research assistant's work includes assisting in collecting and analyzing data and writing reports. The works of teaching assistant include teaching one or more parts of undergraduate course, marking undergraduate thesis, etc. 此外，中国国家留学基金委也是申请奖学金的另一个渠道。具体参见2. 2. 1. （3）。 In addition, the China Scholarship Council is another channel to apply for scholarships. See 2. 2. 1 for details.  成功案例 Successful Case: 姓 名：杨赢（Yang Ying） Name: Yang Ying 专业方向：飞机结构与材料 Orientation: Aircraft Structure and Materials 毕业年份：2017届硕士 Graduation year: 2017 Master's degree 读博年份：2017-2021 Year of Doctorate Degree: 2017-2021 博士院校：舍布鲁克大学（University of Sherbrooke） Doctoral University: University of Sherbrooke 资助来源：加拿大自然科学和工程研究委员会与IBM Canada合作项目提供的全额奖学金 Source of funding: Full scholarship provided by the Canadian Natural Science and Engineering Research Council in collaboration with IBM Canada. 主要研究内容：微电子芯片日益小型化带来的诸如电路密度越来越大，从而导致电子元件承受工作温度越来越高等问题日益突出。从制造工艺创新和新材料开发角度，研究将低兼容性材料放在一起的问题，从而增加电子元件的可靠性 The main research subjects: The increasing miniaturization of microelectronic chips has brought about such problems as the increasing density of circuits, which has led to the increasingly prominent problem of higher temperature of electronic components. From the perspective of manufacturing innovation and new material development, a study was carried out to put low compatibility materials together in order to increase the reliability of electronic components. 三、实施方案 3. Implementation Plan 为拓宽博士层次研究生培养渠道，培养更多的高质量人才，提升学科建设水平，扩大学校的影响力与服务民航与社会的能力，学校积极支持中欧学院和其他专业学生在硕士毕业后通过自费或者国家公派等不同方式、不同渠道在国内或国外进行博士深造，明确读博的方式与路径，特制定本博士学位研究生培养实施指导方案。 In an effort to broaden the channels of doctoral cultivation, train more high-quality talents, improve discipline construction, expand the influence of CAUC and the ability of serving civil aviation and society, the school supports students from SIAE and other colleges to carry out doctoral studies at home or abroad through different ways and channels after graduation, such as self-funded or government-sponsored ways, we hereby specially formulate the guiding plans. 实施方案分为四种培养类型：第一，校内导师为主的自主培养（以校内博士点和校外兼职导师所在博士点）；第二，自费出国国外培养；第三，国内培养；第四，中外联合培养。实施方案将按四种计划分别描述申请博士流程、以及所需材料。对于有意申请读博的学生，中欧学院将以认真负责的态度为学生提供相关信息和留学所需成绩单和相关学历证明材料，积极协助学生完成博士申请。 The implementation plan is divided into four types: First, autonomous cultivation program(in-school doctoral program and off-campus doctoral program of part-time supervisors); Second, doctoral cultivation abroad at one's own expense; Third, domestic cultivation; Fourth, joint cultivation between China and foreign countries. The implementation plan will describe the application process and the required materials according to four plans. For those who intend to apply for a doctoral degree, SIAE will provide students with relevant information and transcripts and relevant academic certificates in a conscientious and responsible manner, and actively assist students in completing their doctoral application.   3. 1自主培养 3. 1 Autonomous cultivation program 中国民航大学是中国民用航空局直属以培养民航高级工程技术和管理人才为主的高等学府。学校坚持立足民航发展的战略定位，瞄准航空运输科技发展前沿，依托安全科学与工程、交通运输工程等学科优势，着力解决航空运输安全保障与发展中的重大科技问题。2019年中国民航大学正式招收博士研究生，首先鼓励中欧学院的研究生报考本校博士导师的研究生。具体报考条件可咨询中国民航大学博士招生学科点和本校导师在其他学校招生的博士点。 Civil Aviation University of China (CAU) is a university directly under the Civil Aviation Administration of China, which mainly trains civil aviation senior engineering and management personnel. Based on the strategic orientation of "keeping a foothold in Civil Aviation Industry", CAUC aims at the frontier of aviation transportation's science and technology development, relys on the advantages of safety science and engineering, transportation engineering and other disciplines, and focuses on solving major scientific and technological problems in aviation transportation security and development. In 2019, CAUC officially enrolls in doctoral students. First of all, CAUC encourages postgraduate students from SIAE to apply for doctorate degrees. Students with specific application conditions can consult with the doctoral cultivation stations of both CAUC and other schools. 3. 1. 1 学科简介 3. 1. 1 Subject Introduction 安全科学与工程博士培养体系以系统安全思想为指导，面向高度复杂的民航运行系统，围绕空管运行安全智能信息处理、航空器适航与安全工程、民航安全管理理论与方法、民航信息系统安全保障技术、机场运行安全保障技术5个方向开展研究。 Guided by the ideology of system security, the cultivation system for Doctorate of Safety Science and Engineering is oriented to the highly complex civil aviation operation system. It focuses on five directions: intelligent information processing of air traffic control's operation safety, airworthiness and safety engineering of aircraft, theory and method of civil aviation safety management, safety assurance technology of civil aviation information system and airport operation safety assurance technology.   (1)空管运行安全智能信息处理 (1) Intelligent information processing for air traffic control operation safety 针对空管运行安全面临的技术难题，研究相关的智能信息处理新理论和新技术，包括无线电干扰对于空管运行保障设备的影响评估与抑制、导航卫星抗干扰技术、通航飞行安全保障技术、高风险航迹追踪与预警、低空风切变探测等。 With respect to the technical problems of ATC operation safety, it aims to develop new theories and technologies of intelligent information processing, including the impact assessment and suppression of radio interference on ATC operation support equipment, anti-interference technology of navigation satellite, navigation flight safety support technology, high-risk tracking and early warning, low-altitude wind shear detection and so on. (2)航空器适航与安全工程 (2) Airworthiness and safety engineering of aircraft 围绕航空器在设计、制造、使用、维修的全寿命周期内和复杂环境下的安全性，多学科交叉融合，分析航空器结构安全、系统安全、使用安全、坠撞安全及相互关系，开展安全性评估理论和审定技术研究。 Based on the safety of aircraft in the life cycle of design, manufacture, use and maintenance, it aims to adopt multi-disciplinary method so as to analyze the safety of aircraft structure, system safety, safety in use, crash landing safety as well as to develop safety assessment theory and verification technology research. (3)民航安全管理理论与方法 (3) Civil aviation safety management theory and method 针对民航飞行安全发展规律和事故致因机理开展基础理论和管理方法研究，包括机组资源管理（CRM）、飞行中的人为差错机理、民航安全评估系统、飞行记录器（FDR、QAR）数据分析、民航安全管理体系（SMS）和中国航空安全自愿报告系统等。 In light of the causes for civil aviation flight safety development rules and accidents, it aims to study the basic theory and management methods, including CRM, human error mechanism in flight, civil aviation safety assessment system, flight recorder (FDR, QAR) data analysis, civil aviation safety management system (SMS) and China aviation safety voluntary reporting system. (4)民航信息系统安全保障技术 (4) Civil aviation information system security technology 针对民航业务连续性安全性高要求，开展民航信息系统安全理论与关键技术研究。在民航网络基础设施的生存性理论、系统安全态势分析与评估方法、系统可靠性与应急恢复技术、系统安全认证与密钥共享机制研究方面特色鲜明。 In light of the high requirement of continuity and security of civil aviation, the theory and key technologies of civil aviation information system will be studied. It enjoys distinct characteristics in survivability theory of civil aviation network infrastructure, system security situation analysis and evaluation method, system reliability and emergency recovery technology, system security authentication and key sharing mechanism research. (5)机场运行安全保障技术 (5) Airport operation safety guarantee technology 针对机场运行中影响航空器地面安全的特殊气象、消防和安检等问题，研究应对的安全保障理论、技术和配套的装备。包括飞机地面除冰理论与技术、机场消防应急救援模拟系统和智能安保领域等。 In light of the special meteorological problems, fire fighting and safety inspection problems affecting aircraft ground safety in airport operation, it aims to study the safety guarantee theory and technology and supporting equipment. It includes the theory and technology for aircraft ground deicing, airport fire emergency rescue simulation system and intelligent security.   3. 1. 2 博士申报条件 3. 1. 2 Conditions for Application of doctorate degree 中国民航大学博士培养招生对象为具有硕士研究生文凭（或等价于硕士研究生文凭）的人员。对报考人员的具体要求是： To apply for doctorate degree of Civil Aviation University of China, the students must have master's diploma (or equivalent to master's diploma). Specific requirements for candidates are as follows: (1)拥护中国共产党的领导，具有正确的政治方向，热爱祖国，愿意为社会主义现代化建设服务，遵纪守法，品行端正。 (1) Supporting the leadership of the Communist Party of China, capable of correct political orientation, enjoying patriotism, willing to serve the socialist modernization drive, abiding by discipline and law, and having integrated conduct. (2)考生的学位必须符合下列条件之一： (2) The candidate's academic degree must meet one of the following requirements: a. 硕士研究生毕业或已获硕士学位； Graduation with master's degree; 往届硕士须提供本科和硕士学历、学位证复印件（取得国外高校学位的考生，须附加提交“教育部留学人员服务中心”的认证证书）及本科、研究生学历电子注册备案表；      英语水平通过CET-6级（拥有CET-6合格证书或CET-6级考试成绩不低于425分）或托福成绩达到75分或雅思总成绩达到6分。 The past masters should provide copies of bachelor's and master's certificates (candidates who have obtained foreign university degrees must submit the certificate issued by "Service Center for Overseas Students under the Ministry of Education") and electronic registration forms for bachelor's and postgraduate's degrees. The English proficiency should be: Having CET-6 certificate or CET-6 test score not less than 425 points; Or, TOEFL score: 75 points or above; Or, IELTS score: 6 points or above. b. 应届硕士毕业生（最迟须在入学前取得硕士学位证和毕业证）； Fresh masters (must obtain master's degree certificate and graduation certificate at latest before enrollment); 应届硕士生须持应届硕士毕业生证明、本科学历、学位证复印件，同时提交本科学历电子注册备案表和研究生学籍在线验证报告。 Fresh graduate students must have fresh graduate certificate, the copy of the bachelor's degree and certificate. At the same time, the electronic registration form for undergraduate degree and the online verification report for postgraduate status should be submitted. 英语水平通过CET-6级（拥有CET-6合格证书或CET-6级考试成绩不低于425分）或托福成绩达到75分或雅思总成绩达到6分。 The English proficiency should be: Having CET-6 certificate or CET-6 test score not less than 425 points; Or, TOEFL score: 75 points or above; Or, IELTS score: 6 points or above. (3)身体和心理健康状况符合国家规定的体检要求； (3) Physical and mental health status should meet the requirements of physical examination stipulated by the state; (4)报考全日制博士研究生的考生年龄原则上不超过40周岁； (4) Candidates who apply for full-time doctorate shall not be above 40 years old. (5)至少两名所报考学科专业领域（或相关领域）内正高级职称专家的书面推荐意见。 (5) Written recommendation of at least two senior professional experts in the field of the same disciplines (or related fields).  3. 1. 3 博士申报流程 3. 1. 3 Application Procedure for Doctorate 中国民航大学博士招生采用申请考试审核制，申请博士培养的硕士研究生需要报名、参加学校统一组织的招生考试、通过面试后，正式成为博士培养对象。申报博士流程为：联系导师-报名-分专业考试-面试审核-批准。 The enrolment of doctoral candidates of CAUC adopts the examination system. Candidates with master's degree, who apply for doctorate need to register, take the entrance examination organized by the University. After they pass the interview, they will become doctoral students. The procedure of doctoral application is: contacting supervisor- application- examination - interview - approval. 考试科目为英语和专业课，专业课根据不同研究方向有所不同，具体如表3-1所示。 The exam subjects are English and major courses, which are different based on different research orientation. The details are shown in the following table.   表3-1 中国民航大学2019年博士研究生招生专业及考试科目 Table 3-1 Doctoral Enrollment Majors and Examination Subjects of CAUC 3. 1. 4 博士奖助政策 3. 1. 4 Doctoral Award Policy 2019年学校计划招收博士研究生10人左右（具体招生人数以当年国家下达的博士招生计划为准），被录取为全日制非定向的博士研究生均可获得研究生助学金（A类6万元/人·年，B类5万元/人·年，C类4万元/人·年）和学业奖学金（第一学年：新生奖学金2万元/人·年；第二学年及以后：A类2万元/人·年，B类1. 5万元/人·年）。 CAUC plans to recruit about 10 doctoral students (specific enrolment number will be subject to the national enrollment plan). Those who have been accepted as full-time non-directional doctoral students will get assistantship (Class A RMB 60,000 / person, Class B RMB 50,000 / person; Class C RMB 40,000 / person) and academic scholarship (first year: freshman scholarship RMB 20,000 /person; The second academic year and beyond: RMB 20,000/person for category A, RMB 15,000 yuan/person for category B). 3. 2 国外博士培养 3. 2 Overseas Doctoral Cultivation 中欧学院基于中法合作培养，拥有良好的英语和法语基础，熟悉西方文化，因此具有良好的申请法国和加拿大法属地区博士进修的基础。本节以留学法国为主，先介绍法国大学情况，再介绍国家留学基金委对留法博士培养计划的奖学金申请流程。 Based on Sino-French cooperation, SIAE students have a good foundation in English and French, and are familiar with Western culture. Therefore, SIAE has a good foundation in applying for doctoral education in France and Canada. This section focuses on studying in France. Firstly, it introduces the situation of French universities, and then introduces the scholarship application process of the National Overseas Studies Fund Committee for the doctoral cultivation program in France. 3. 2. 1 法国大学简介 3. 2. 1 Introduction to French Universities 法国高等教育自 2005 年开始实行本科-硕士-博士三级学位体系，学制为本科 3 年，硕士 2 年、博士 3 年。属于高等教育范畴的院校有公立大学(université)、高等精英学院(grande école)、专业性学院（如医学、法律）(école spécialisée)、高等精英学院预科班(classe préparatoire pour les grandes écoles)、高级技术员班(section de technicien supérieur)五类。 Since 2005, French higher education has implemented a three-level academic degree system: undergraduate-master-doctor, namely three years for undergraduate education, two years for master's education and three years for doctor's education. The institutions of higher education are university, high school, schools, preparatory class for high school, senior technician. 2016 年，法国共有公立大学 71 所、工程师学院 266 所、商学院236 所、高等艺术类学院 221 所、建筑类学院 22 所、医药类学院421 所，另外还有法律、新闻、教师培训以及社会事务等专业性学院。 In 2016, there were 71 public universities, 266 engineering institutes, 236 business schools, 221 arts higher institutes, 22 architecture institutes and 421 medical institutes in France. There were also professional institutes of law, journalism, teacher cultivation and social affairs. 只有公立大学及其下属博士学院有资格授予博士学位。 法国高等教育起源于12世纪，许多大学有着悠久的历史。长久以来法国在高水准的教育体制和具体的教学方法等方面处于世界领先地位，历史悠久的公立大学体制也是他取得成就的重要原因之一。 丰富的办学经验吸引了大批优秀的教师和研究人员，因此成就了高质量的教学。 在法国有很多著名的理工或综合类大学，例如：巴黎六大（世界排名40位），巴黎十一大，里昂一大，图卢兹三大，雷恩一大，波尔多一大，南布列塔尼大学，拉罗谢尔大学，布雷斯特大学，南特大学，普瓦捷大学，卡昂大学，格勒洛布尔三大，蒙彼利埃三大等等。限于篇幅，在此只介绍前6个学校，这些学校每年均接收超过100名外国留学生（包含硕士、博士研究生），均是申请留学的首选学校。 Only public universities and their affiliated doctoral colleges are eligible for doctoral degrees. French higher education originated in the 12th century, and many universities have a long history. France has long been the world leader in terms of high-level education system and specific teaching methods. The long-standing public university system is also one of the important reasons for its achievements. The rich experience of running a school attracts a large number of excellent teachers and researchers, thus achieving high-quality teaching. In France, there are many famous universities of science and technology. Limited to space, this article only introduces the six particular schools, which receive more than 100 overseas students (including masters and doctoral students) every year. They are the first choices to apply for overseas study. (1)巴黎第六大学，又称皮埃尔与玛丽-居里大学（ Université Pierre et Marie Curie，UPMC），位于巴黎市区中心的拉丁区。这是法国最著名的大学之一，是巴黎科学学院和巴黎大学中科学师资的主要继承者，是目前法国唯一一所只有理工学科的公立大学。该校数学学科排名世界第一，除了数学专业之外，物理和化学专业也毫不逊色于其他的世界顶级院校。巴黎第六大学开设的学科主要为：数学，物理，自然科学，计算机工程，农业科学和医学医药。巴黎第六大学下设不同博士学院（Ecole Doctorale, ED），其中属于自然科学和工程科学门类的有： (1) University of Pierre and Marie Curie (UPMC), is located in the Latin District of downtown Paris. This is one of the most famous universities in France. It is the only public university in France with only science and technology. The school ranks first in the world in mathematics. Besides mathematics, physics and chemistry are no less advanced than other top universities in the world. The major subjects offered by University Pierre et Marie Curie are mathematics, physics, natural science, computer engineering, agricultural science and medical medicine. University Pierre et Marie Curie has different Ecole Doctorale, ED, those in the category of natural sciences and engineering sciences are as followings: ① ED388物理化学和分析化学博士学院，主要研究方向为理论化学和建模，谱分析，分析化学，电化学，物理/化学表面分析。 ② ED397材料的物理和化学博士学院，主要研究方向为材料科学在工业的应用。所涵盖的主要主题是:催化材料分析，有机-无机杂化材料，功能材料(光学、磁性、生物材料)，高分子材料，纳米结构(纳米、自旋电子学)。 ③ ED071工程科学博士学院，主要研究方向为工程优化，工程数学建模，工程分析，工程管理控制。 ④ ED130巴黎计算机科学、电信和电子博士学院，主要研究方向为网络,电子通信，信号，人工智能，运筹学，图形图像处理，电子软件技术，网络基础构架。 ⑤ ED386巴黎数学科学博士学院，主要研究方向为工程数学建模，工程分析。 ⑥ ED391巴黎机械科学、声学、电子和机器人博士学院，主要研究方向为机械，能源，声学，电子，光学，机器人。 ① ED388 Doctoral College of Physical Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry. Its main research fields are theoretical chemistry and modeling, spectral analysis, analytical chemistry, electrochemistry, physical/chemical surface analysis. ② ED397 Doctoral College of Physics and Chemistry of Materials. The main research direction is the application of Materials Science in industry. The main subjects are: catalytic material analysis, organic-inorganic hybrid materials, functional materials (optical, magnetic, biological materials), polymer materials, nanostructures (nano, spintronics). ③ ED071 Doctoral College of Engineering Science, the main research directions are engineering optimization, engineering mathematical modeling, engineering analysis, engineering management and control. ④ ED130 Paris Doctoral College of Computer Science, Telecommunications and Electronics. The main research directions are network, electronic communication, signal, artificial intelligence, operations research, graphics and image processing, electronic software technology, network infrastructure. ⑤ ED386 Doctoral College of Mathematical Sciences. The main research direction for engineering mathematical modeling, engineering analysis. ⑥ ED391 Doctoral College of Mechanical Science, Acoustics, Electronics and Robots, Paris. Its main research fields are machinery, energy, acoustics, electronics, optics and robots.   (2)巴黎第十一大学，又称南巴黎大学，是一所设有精密科学、自然科学、医学、药学、工艺学、法学和经济的多种性综合大学，对区域经济、工农业、科学研究的发展起着重要的作用。全校在地理位置上划分为五个中心，总部设在奥赛（Orsay），这里是理科教学中心。该中心是在原巴黎大学理工学院第一阶段教学部的基础上逐步发展起来的。南巴黎大学现有13个教学与研究单位，其中包括5个院系级教研单位，3所大学技术学院，127个高水平并具有国际知名度的研究实验室。学生两万多人，学校继续教育机构每年为社会培训数千名在职人员。巴黎第十一大学下设不同博士学院，其中为自然科学和理工科学的为： (2) Paris-Sud University (French: Université Paris-Sud), also known as University of Paris — XI, is a comprehensive university of precision science, natural science, medicine, pharmacy, technology, law and economics. It plays an important role in the development of regional economy, industry, agriculture and scientific research. The university is geographically divided into five centers, headquartered in Orsay, which is the center for science teaching. The center was gradually developed on the basis of the first stage of the Teaching Department of the Polytechnic University of Turin. Paris-Sud University has 13 teaching and research units, including 5 institute-level teaching and research units, 3 technical institutes and 127 high-level and internationally renowned research laboratories. More than 20,000 students and thousands of on-the-job personnel are trained annually by the university. Paris-Sud University has different Ecole Doctorale, ED, those in the category of natural sciences and engineering sciences are as followings: ① ED574数学和应用数学博士学院，主要研究方向为数学，及在相关工业、信息技术、经济、结构材料方向的应用数学。 ② ED575电子工程博士学院，主要研究方向涉及电子信息，电子技术，光子，光学，及相关工业、信息技术方向的工程应用技术。 ③ ED576高能物理博士学院，主要研究方向涉及粒子，强子，原子核，高能物理仪器仪表，成像，宇宙模型和模拟。 ④ ED2MIB化学博士学院，主要研究方向涉及分子，材料，化学仪器仪表，生物化学。 ⑤ ED579动态系统控制博士学院，主要研究方向涉及动态系统，系统建模，控制论，系统结构。 ⑥ ED579结构材料博士学院，主要研究方向涉及结构，能源工程，材料工程。 ⑦ ED STIC信息技术博士学院，主要研究方向涉及信息技术，计算机技术，通信技术，人工智能及其相关智能城市、智能工业的应用。（3）雷恩第一大学，座落于雷恩市中心，是欧洲著名的学府，渊源可追溯至中世纪(1461年)。直至1969年，学校重新定名为雷恩第一大学并制订了新章。雷恩第一大学是法国最重要的多学科综合大学之一，包括17个教学与研究单位(9个教研单位[UFR]、3个专业学院和4个IUT技术学院，1个工程师学院)，40个国际著名实验室。在校学生23000名，其中外国学生约2300名。雷恩第一大学下设不同博士学院，其中为自然科学和理工科学的为： ① ED574 Doctoral College of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics. Its main research fields are mathematics and Applied Mathematics in related industries, information technology, economy and structural materials. ② ED575 Doctoral College of Electronic Engineering, the main research direction involves electronic information, electronic technology, photon, optics, and related industrial and information technology engineering application technology. ③ ED576 Doctoral College of High Energy Physics. Its main research fields are particle, hadron, nucleus, high energy physics instrument, imaging, cosmic model and simulation. ④ ED2MIB Doctoral College of Chemistry, whose main research fields are molecule, material, chemical instrument and biochemistry. ⑤ED579 Doctoral College of Dynamic System Control. Its main research fields include dynamic system, system modeling, cybernetics and system structure. ⑥ ED579 Doctoral College of Structural Materials, the main research direction involves structure, energy engineering, material engineering. ⑦ ED STIC Doctoral College of Information Technology, the main research direction involves information technology, computer technology, communication technology, artificial intelligence and related intelligent city, intelligent industry applications. (3) Université de Rennes 1, located in the center of the city of Rennes, is a famous institution in Europe. Its origin can be traced back to the Middle Ages (1461). Until 1969, the school was renamed Université de Rennes 1 and a new constitution was drawn up. Université de Rennes 1 is one of the most important multidisciplinary universities in France, including 17 teaching and research units (9 teaching and research units, 3 professional colleges and 4 IUT technical institutes, 1 Engineering institute), and 40 internationally renowned laboratories. There are 23,000 students in the school, of whom about 2300 are foreign students. Université de Rennes 1 has different Ecole Doctorale, ED, those in the category of natural sciences and engineering sciences are as followings: ① ED MASTIC数学及应用数学博士学院，主要研究方向涉及数学与科学及信息和通信技术。 ② ED 3M材料博士学院，主要研究方向涉及材料，分子和材料工程。 ③ ED SPI工程科学博士学院，主演研究方向涉及工程技术科学，工程管理科学，工程建模及分析。 ④图卢兹第三大学，位于图卢兹。该校拥有31987名学生、5200名继续教育学员及1500名行政技术图书馆等教辅人员。学校拥有99个研究团队，其中86%受专门资质认可；在研究及研究实践训练方面，学校共有9所博士研究生院，每年平均答辩博士论文300篇；2800篇经编审委员会审阅的发表文章；2900篇会议学术论文、摘要、讲座；50次学术会议。图卢兹第三大学始终位于法国学校科学研究的前列，致力于发展社会中心领域研究的最高水平，并紧密联合众多大型科学组织合作伙伴，在欧洲以及世界都享有盛誉。其研究领域主要涉及四个主要方向： ① ED MASTIC Doctoral College of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, whose main research fields are mathematics and science and information and communication technology. ② ED 3M Doctoral College of Materials, the main research direction involves materials, molecular and material engineering. ③ ED SPI, PhD School of Engineering Science, its leading research interests in engineering technology science, engineering management science, engineering modeling and analysis. ④ Université Toulouse III – Paul Sabatier, located in Toulouse. The university has 31987 students, 5200 continuing education students and 1500 administrative technology libraries. The university has 99 research teams, 86% of which are accredited by special qualifications. In terms of research and practice cultivation, there are 9 doctoral schools, with an average of 300 doctoral dissertations for oral defense annually; 2 800 published articles reviewed by the Editorial Review Committee; 2 900 conference academic papers, abstracts, lectures; and 50 academic conferences. Université Toulouse III – Paul Sabatier has always been at the forefront of French scientific research, devoted to the development of the highest level of research. It works closely with many partners of large scientific organizations, enjoying high reputation in Europe and the world. Its research mainly involves four main directions: 1）材料科学（物理，化学，材料）； 2）数学、信息科学与技术、工程科学与技术； 3）宇宙、行星、环境、太空； 4）生命科学（基础生物学、健康、环境和农业生物学）。 1) Material Science (Physics, Chemistry, Materials); 2) Mathematics, information science and technology, engineering science and technology; 3) Universe, planets, environment and space; 4) Life sciences (basic biology, health, environment and agricultural biology).   图卢兹第三大学下设不同博士学院，其中为自然科学和理工科学的为： Université Toulouse III – Paul Sabatier has different Ecole Doctorale, ED, those in the category of natural sciences and engineering sciences are as followings: ① ED GEET电气工程博士学院，主要研究方向涉及电气工程，电子，电信。 ② ED MITT数学电子博士学院，主要研究方向涉及数学，计算机科学，通讯。 ③ ED SDM材料科学博士学院，主要研究方向涉及结构材料科学。 ④ ED AA航空航天博士学院，主要研究方向涉及航空，航天。 ⑤ ED MEGeP机械博士学院，主要研究方向涉及机械，能量，土木工程，流程管理。 ⑥ ED Sys系统工程博士学院，主要研究方向涉系统工程，工程管理。 ① ED GEET doctoral school of electrical engineering, whose research interests include electrical engineering, electronics and telecommunications. ② ED MITT PhD in mathematics and electronics, majoring in mathematics, computer science, and communications. ③ ED SDM school of materials science, the main research direction involves structural materials science. ④ ED AA doctoral school of aeronautics and astronautics, the main research direction involves in aviation, aerospace. ⑤ ED MEGeP mechanical doctoral institute, the main research direction involves machinery, energy, civil engineering, process management. ⑥ ED Sys system engineering doctoral school, the main research direction related to systems engineering, project management.   (5)里昂第一大学，又称里昂克罗德·贝尔那大学，是法国东南部大城市里昂的最大高等学府。这所以自然科学、技术科学和保健科学为主的综合性国立大学是法国最重要的大学之一。里昂第一大学在科学研究方面名声卓著，并在生命与健康科学、数学、物理、高性能计算、精算学、化学等学科拥有许多国际公认的研究专长领域。共有96个研究实验室获得法国国民教育部的官方资质认可，其中三分之二与法国国家科研中心(CNRS)、国家健康与医学研究院(INSERM)、国家农学研究院(INRA)及其它研究机构有合作关系。里昂第一大学下设不同博士学院，其中为自然科学和理工科学的为： (5) Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, is the largest institution of higher learning in Lyon, a large city in the southeastern part of France. A comprehensive national university with natural, technological and health sciences as its main subjects, it is one of the most important universities in France. Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 has a distinguished reputation in scientific research, and has many internationally recognized research specialties in life and health sciences, mathematics, physics, high performance computing, actuarial science, chemistry and other disciplines. A total of 96 research laboratories are officially accredited by the French ministry of education, two-thirds of which have partnerships with CNRS, INSERM, INRA and other research institutions. Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 has different Ecole Doctorale, ED, those in the category of natural sciences and engineering sciences are as followings:   ① ED34材料博士学院，主要研究方向涉及材料开发与材料特性，材料的物理、机械、化学、生物性能，材料的组成、微观结构、特性之间关系的建模，应用于健康方向纳米科学和纳米材料。 ① ED34 Doctoral School of Materials, the main research direction involves material development and material characteristics, physical, mechanical, chemical, biological properties of materials, material composition, microstructure, characteristics of the relationship between the modeling, applied to the health direction of nanoscience and nanomaterials. ② ED52物理和天体物理博士学院，主要研究方向涉及天体物理学，亚原子物理，光学和激光，材料光学和光电子学，纳米和纳米材料，非线性物理。 ② ED52 Doctoral College of Physics and Astrophysics. Its main research fields are astrophysics, subatomic physics, optics and laser, material optics and optoelectronics, nano and nano materials, and non-linear physics. ③ ED160电子电气与自动化博士学院，主要研究方向涉及电子，电气工程，自动化和信号处理。 ③ ED160 electronic electrical and automation doctoral school, the main research direction involves electronics, electrical engineering, automation and signal processing. ④ ED162力学、能量学、土木工程、声学博士学院，主要研究方向涉及力学、能量学、土木工程、声学。 ④ ED162 Doctoral School of Mechanics, Energy, Civil Engineering, Acoustics. The main research direction involves mechanics, energy, civil engineering, acoustics. ⑤ ED206化学，环境学博士学院，主要研究方向涉及化学、环境。 ⑤ ED206 Doctoral School of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, with major research interests in chemistry and environment. ⑥ ED512计算机科学与数学博士学院，主要研究方向涉及计算机科学，包含复杂系统，计算机并行计算，VR及AR，图像处理；数学，包含数学逻辑，数论，代数，数学分析，概率，统计学，数学物理，建模和科学计算。 ⑥ ED512 School of Computer Science and Mathematics. The main research direction involves computer science, including complex systems, computer parallel computing, VR and AR, image processing;Mathematics, including mathematical logic, number theory, algebra, mathematical analysis, probability, statistics, mathematical physics, modeling and scientific calculation.   （6）国立波尔多第一大学，简称波尔多第一大学，前身是创办于1441年波尔多大学理工学院。无论从教研人员（750人)、专职研究员（270人）以及就读学生人数（15000人）的规模，还是从其获得法国和国际公认的教育质量或其下属研究机构的价值来看，波尔多第一大学都是一所重要的法国高等院校。波尔多第一大学集中数学与计算机信息学、物理学、化学、生物学和地球与海洋科学等五大学科领域。下设多所大学技术学院（IUT）和两所附属工程师学院－即波尔多食品科学技术学院（ISTAB）和数学与力学模型工程师学院（MATMECA）。波尔多第一大学共有47家实验室，其大部分科研活动都与法国国家科研中心（CNRS）密切合作展开。国立波尔多第一大学下设不同博士学院，其中为自然科学和理工科学的为： （6）University of Bordeaux. Its predecessor was the Polytechnic University of Bordeaux founded in 1441. University of Bordeaux is an important French institution of higher learning in terms of the size of teaching and research personnel (750), full-time researchers (270) and students (15,000), as well as the quality of education recognized by France and the international community or the value of its affiliated research institutes. University of Bordeaux concentrates on five disciplines: mathematics and computer informatics, physics, chemistry, biology and earth and marine science. It consists of IUT, ISTAB and MATMECA. There are 47 laboratories in University of Bordeaux, and most of their research activities are carried out in close cooperation with the French National Research Centre (CNRS). University of Bordeaux has different Ecole Doctorale, ED, those in the category of natural sciences and engineering sciences are as followings: ① ED MI信息学与数学博士学院，主要研究方向涉及复杂系统，计算机并行计算，数学逻辑，数论，代数，建模和科学计算。 ① ED MI Doctoral School of Informatics and Mathematics, with research interests in complex systems, computer parallel computing, mathematical logic, number theory, algebra, modeling and scientific computing. ② ED SE 科学与环境博士学院，主要研究方向涉及化学、环境。 ② ED SE Doctoral School of Science and Environment, majoring in chemistry and environment. ③ ED SPI物理科学与工程博士学院，主要研究方向涉及高能物理，物理工程，工程分析。 ③ ED SPI PhD School of Physical Science and Engineering, with research interests in high energy physics, physical engineering, and engineering analysis. ④ ED SC化学科学博士学院，主要研究方向涉及化学，分子分析，生物化学分析。 ④ ED SC Doctoral School of Chemical Sciences, the main research direction involves chemistry, molecular analysis, biochemical analysis. 3. 2. 2 奖学金政策和申请条件 3. 2. 2 Scholarship Policy and Application Conditions 为了鼓励学生攻读博士学位，在法国有数量众多的奖学金，具体可以分为三类：法国政府奖学金，企业奖学金和国外奖学金。 In order to encourage students to pursue doctoral degrees, there are a large number of scholarships in France, which can be divided into three categories: French government scholarship, enterprise scholarship and foreign scholarship. 相关简介见2. 2. 1节留学法国。 For a brief introduction, see Section 2. 2. 1. 3. 2. 3 CSC奖学金申报 3. 2. 3 Application for CSC scholarship 国家留学基金委（CSC）每年10月陆续会发布公派读博的遴选通知，一般正式申请前一个月会在官方网站（www. csc.edu.cn）上公布。在3月份还会公布更多项目，如果10月份没有申请成功，可在次年3月份再次申请。一般每个项目组都是由多个大学共同组成，其中包括多个具体题目，附有详细的课题介绍。通过基金委申请的项目，都由中国国家留学基金委进行资助。因为CSC奖学金针对博士题目、博士生候选人和博士生导师三者一体的奖学金，所以奖学金申请流程同时覆盖博士申请流程。具体分为一下几个步骤：联系导师-提交奖学金申请-材料审核-面试-审核结果公布。 The China Scholarship Council (CSC) publishes the selection for publicly-dispatched students for pursuing doctorate degree. Generally, the announcement will be made on the official website (www. csc.edu.cn) one month before the formal application. More projects will be announced in March, and if the application is unsuccessful in October, it can be applied again in March next year. Generally, each project group is composed of several universities, including several specific topics, with detailed topic introduction. The projects applied via China Scholarship Council (CSC) are all funded by the China Scholarship Council (CSC). Since the CSC scholarship is a scholarship for doctoral candidates, doctoral candidates and doctoral supervisors, the scholarship application process covers the doctoral application at the same time. Specifically, it is divided into the following steps: contacting the supervisor- submitting scholarship application -- reviewing the materials -- interviewing -- publishing the results.   1、联系导师（正式申请前）的流程 1. Process of contacting tutors (before formal application) (1)通过浏览CSC遴选通知，选择自己感兴趣的课题； (1) Select subjects by browsing the CSC Notice; (2)通过邮件联系提供题目的导师，发送个人简历和自荐信，主要介绍自己的研究经历以及论文发表情况； (2) Contact the supervisor who provides the subject by email, and send resume and recommendation letter, mainly introducing research experience and paper publication; (3)若果外方导师认为申请人的研究能力适合该题目，会回复邮件安排视频面试（时长一般30-60分钟）； (3) If the foreign supervisor thinks the applicant's research ability is suitable for this subject, he/she will reply via email and arrange video interview (generally lasting 30-60 minutes); (4)如果顺利，他们会很快答复你，并邀请你在申请的时候选择他们的课题。 (4) If it goes smoothly, they will reply to you soon and invite you to choose their subject when applying.   2、正式申请流程 2. Formal Application Process (1)网站查找拟申请的项目，进入对应的网页下载中文介绍和申请流程（每个项目有自己的申请流程），阅读具体的申请或选派程序，以及每一申请步骤的起始时间。 (1) Search for the projects to be applied for the website, enter the corresponding webpage to download the Chinese introduction and application process (each project has its own application process). Read the specific application or selection procedures. (2)在留学的目标学校（具体网站会给出选项）和留学基金委网站（www. apply. csc. edu. cn）上分别提交正式申请，按照网站的要求分别提交申请材料。每个项目所需的申请材料不完全一致，包括个人动机信（中英文）、个人简历（中英文）、专家推荐信（至少两名专家，各需要中英文两封推荐信）、学历证书、成绩单（中英文）、外语水平证明、在籍证明等。需要注意的是在籍证明（即学校开具的在读证明）需要提前准备好，并提交给相应的委托机构。中国民航大学的委托机构是天津市教委。 (2) Submit official applications to the target school for studying abroad (options will be given on the specific website) as well as to the website of China Scholarship Council (CSC) (www. apply.csc.edu.cn). The application materials for each project are not necessarily the same, including personal motivation letters (Chinese and English), resumes (Chinese and English), expert recommendation letters (at least two experts, each needing two letters of recommendation), academic credentials, transcripts (Chinese and English), proof of foreign language proficiency, certificate of nationality, etc. It should be noted that the certificate of study issued by the school needs to be prepared in advance and submitted to the corresponding agency. The entrusted agency for CAUC is Tianjin Education Commission. (3)所有材料按照规定提交后，外方学校和基金委会共同进行材料初审. 材料一定要交全，如果遗漏或未按时提交，视为申请失败。 (3) After submitting all the materials in accordance with the regulations, the foreign schools and the Fund Committee jointly conduct a preliminary examination of the materials. The materials must be submitted in full. If they are omitted or not submitted on time, the application will be deemed to have failed. (4)外方一般在一个月后通过邮件方式通知本人进行面试，同时会告知面试的具体求，如是否需要准备PPT、面试时长等。面试官由项目外方申请单位和留学基金委选派的专家共同组成。面试所演讲的内容一般为留学动机、国内研究题目、当前的研究成果等。演讲结束后面试官会根据演讲内容提问几个问题。 (4) The foreign school usually notifies the interviewer by E-mail after one month, and at the same time, it will inform the applicants the specific requirements of the interview, such as whether to prepare PPT, the length of the interview, etc. The interviewers are composed of experts appointed by the China Scholarship Council (CSC) as well as appointed by the foreign school. Generally speaking, during the interview, the applicants will give a speech on their motivation to study abroad, domestic research topics, current research results and so on. After the speech, the interviewer will ask several questions according to the speech. (5)面试结束一至两个月后，基金委通过邮件方式通知申请人是否通过面试，并通知参加外语培训。如果外语水平已达到留学要求，可免参加外语培训。 (5) One to two months after the end of the interview, China Scholarship Council (CSC) will notify the applicants by mail whether they have passed the interview or not, and also notify them to participate in foreign language cultivation. If the foreign language level has reached the requirements of studying abroad, foreign language cultivation can be exempted. 3. 3 国内博士培养 3. 3 Domestic Doctoral Cultivation 中欧学院学生基于硕士研究方向，也可申请国内高校相对应专业攻读博士学位。国内航空航天类以及相关专业的高校众多，历年中国民航大学不乏有学生前往北京航空航天大学、南京航空航天大学、西北工业大学、哈尔滨工业大学等高校进行深造。本节将重点介绍国内博士申请流程，国内大学及其相关专业将不进行介绍，学生可向研究生导师询问自己课题所对应博士研究方向和对应学校，或自行寻找博士方向和学校。 Based on the research orientation of master's degree, students of SIAE can also apply for doctoral degree in corresponding majors of domestic universities. There are many aeronautics and astronautics universities which have related majors in China. Over the years, many students of CAUC went to universities such as Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Northwest University of Technology and Harbin University of Technology for further study. This section will focus on the process for domestic doctoral application. Domestic universities and related majors will not be introduced. Students can ask their supervisors about the corresponding doctoral research directions and corresponding schools, or determine their own doctoral direction and schools. 3. 3. 1 博士申报流程 3. 3. 1 Application Procedure for Doctorate 国内博士申请分为申请考核制、统一考试制、硕博连读制等，鉴于采取统一考试制的学校越来越少，并且中欧学院目前不具备博士生保送资质，因此这里重点进行介绍申请考核制。申请考核制不需要进行全国统一考试，申请流程基本上为：联系导师-提交材料-审核通过-英语考试-面试。 Doctoral applications in China can be divided into the following types: application assessment system, unified examination system and continuous education system for master's degree and doctoral degree. In view of the fact that fewer and fewer schools adopt unified examination system, and that SIAE currently does not have the qualifications to recommend students for admission to doctorate, this paper introduces the application and assessment system. The application and assessment system does not require a national unified examination, and the application process is basically as follows: contact the supervisor- submit materials - pass the examination - English examination - interview. (1)申请时间: 国内高校博士招生一般分为春季招生和秋季招生两种：秋季招生大概在9月1号左右；春季招生在3月份。春季招生为秋季的补充招生，大部分都是在秋季进行申请。关于申请时间的安排在每个学校的研究生部网站上都可查询，每个学校会有稍许不同。 (1) Application time: Doctoral enrollment in domestic universities is generally divided into spring enrollment and autumn enrollment. The autumn enrollment is on September 1st; the spring enrollment is in March. Spring enrollment is a supplementary section for autumn enrollment. The application schedule can be found on the website of the graduate department of each school, and each school will be slightly different in application schedule. (2)联系导师: 需要注意的是，申请时间窗口一般为两周（14天）左右，所需资料需要申请者提前准备，以免耽误申请。 (2) Contact the supervisor: It should be noted that the application period is usually about two weeks (14 days). The required information needs to be prepared in advance so as not to delay the application. 联系导师在提交博士资料前，需要提前准备。可以通过学校主页或者相关老师推荐，通过邮件、电话等方式联系导师，询问课题内容，博士生名额等具体细节。如果导师感兴趣，会组织相应面试。 Contact the instructor before submitting the doctoral information, so you need to be prepared in advance. You can contact your supervisor by email, telephone, etc. and ask about the research subject, the number for admission and other specific details. If the supervisor is interested, an interview will be organized for the applicant. (3)提交资料: 每个学校所需材料不同，需去所报考学校的研究生招生网查看，下面以哈工大博士“申请-考核”所需材料为例，需要准备如下材料： (3) Submit relevant documents: Each school needs different materials, so it is necessary to search the postgraduate enrollment website of the school. The following is an example of the materials required by HIT(Harbin Institute of Technology). The following materials need to be prepared: ① 《哈尔滨工业大学攻读博士学位研究生申请表》一份。（网上报名成功后打印，并加盖档案所在单位或所在学校公章） ① "The Application Form for Doctoral Degree of Harbin Institute of Technology". (After online registration, print and affix the official seal of the applicant's school. ) ② 报考导师填写的《哈尔滨工业大学攻读博士学位研究生导师考核和推荐意见表》一份。（报考导师本人通过《研究生信息管理系统》填写，打印并签字后将扫描件转发给考生） ② The “Recommendation form” by the supervisor. (The supervisor himself will fill in the form via Postgraduate Information Management System, and then print and sign the scanned document and forward it to the candidates. ) ③ 报考学科相关领域的副教授及以上职称（或相当专业技术职称）专家的推荐信两封。报考导师不撰写推荐信，如申请者报考博士生导师和攻读硕士学位期间的导师为不同老师，其中一封推荐信原则上由申请者攻读硕士学位期间的导师撰写。 ③ Two letters of recommendation from associate professors and experts in related fields of disciplines. The supervisor does not need to write recommendation letters. If the applicant's doctoral supervisor and the supervisor for his master's degree study are different teachers, one of the letters of recommendation had better be written by the supervisor for the applicant's master's degree. ④ 个人陈述一份（格式不限），内容包含本人的学习、工作及学术研究的简要经历，攻读博士学位的动机与目标，学术或专业背景及兴趣，职业目标和规划等。 ④ Personal statement (format is unlimited), which includes the applicant's brief experience of study, work and academic research, motivation for doctoral degree, academic or professional background and interest, career goals and planning, etc. ⑤ 攻读博士学位期间拟进行的科学研究设想。 ⑤ Scientific research ideas to be carried out during doctoral degree study. ⑥ 本科和硕士阶段的课程学习成绩单（须授课单位或档案保存单位盖章）、外语等级证书或成绩单复印件。 ⑥ Course transcripts for undergraduate and master's degrees (with the official seal), foreign language certificates or copies of transcripts. ⑦ 硕士学位论文摘要和结论部分（往届生）或硕士学位论文开题报告（应届生）。 ⑦ The Abstract and Conclusion of master's degree thesis (previous students) or the Thesis Proposal of master's degree thesis (current students). ⑧ 已发表的学术论文复印件、期刊封皮和目录复印件，已录用未刊出的论文复印件和录用证明复印件。如论文被EI或SCI收录，需提供文章检索证明复印件；如论文发表的期刊为EI或SCI刊源，但论文尚未被检索，则需提供期刊为EI或SCI的刊源证明复印件。 ⑧ Copies of published academic papers, journal covers and catalogues; Copies of unpublished but accepted papers, and copies of Acceptance certificates. If the paper is included in EI or SCI, a copy of the Retrieval Certificate of the paper shall be required; If the paper is to be included in EI or SCI but by far unpublished, a copy of the journal's Source Certificate for EI or SCI is required. ⑨ 可以体现本人学术水平与能力的其它相关材料。 ⑨ Other relevant materials that can prove the applicant's academic competence. ⑩ 本科和硕士的毕业证书与学位证书（学生证）复印件、本科和硕士的学历（学籍）认证报告。 ⑩ Copies of diploma and degree certificate (student ID card) for undergraduate and master's degree; Certification reports of undergraduate and master's degree (student status). (4) 面试流程： 正式面试一般为1次：在英语初试通过后，由学校统一发出通知，相关老师自行安排，申请考核时进行的面试（面试组由若干教授或副教授，1个秘书组成）。 (4) Interview process: The formal interview is usually done one time: after passing the English preliminary examination, the school will issue a notice, and the teachers will arrange the interview (the interviewers consist of professors or associate professors and a secretary). 以哈工大2018年秋季博士招生为例，重要时间节点如3-2表所示。 Taking the autumn doctoral enrollment of HIT(Harbin Institute of Technology) in 2018 as an example, the schedule is shown in Table 3-2. 表格3-2 博士申报时间案例   Table 3-2 Doctoral application Schedule 时间Time 内容Content 9月3日-16日September 3-16 申请者报名，并提交或快递申请材料Applicants sign   up and submit application materials 10月13日前 Before October   13 各院（系）组织材料审核，并将审核结果对外公布和报研究生院备案Each Department   organizes materials verification and publishes the verification results to   the public and submits materials for the record. 10月20日上午8:30-11:30October 20,   8:30-11:30 a. m. 外语水平考核Foreign Language   Proficiency Assessment 10月20日下午-22日20 October   afternoon-22 October 各院（系）组织综合考核，并将考核结果对外公布和报研究生院备案Each Department   organizes a comprehensive assessment and publishes the assessment results to   the public and submits them for the record. 11月November 组织录取，确定培养基金类型、调取考生档案、并签订录取协议Organize   admission process, determine the type of cultivation fund, get candidates'   files, and sign admission agreement. 12月上旬December 发放春季学期录取通知书，秋季学期入学录取通知书在2019年6月中旬发放Issue the   Admission Notice for spring semester; Admission Notice for autumn semester   will be issued in mid-June 2019. 3. 3. 2 奖助学金政策 3. 3. 2 Scholarship and Fellowship Policy 博士研究生基本奖助学金由国家助学金、学校助学金、学业奖学金和导师津贴组成。以哈工大为例，培养基金主要分为四项：A类基金、B类基金、重大项目基金和专项基金。培养基金在录取之后由导师和学院共同制定。博士录取之后会签订相关的基金协议。 The basic scholarship and fellowship for doctoral students consists of state grant, school grant, academic scholarship and tutor's allowance. Taking HIT(Harbin Institute of Technology) as an example, the cultivation fund is mainly divided into four categories: A type fund, B type fund, major project fund and special fund. The cultivation fund shall be formulated jointly by the supervisor and the Institute after admission. A Fund Agreement will be signed after the doctor's admission. 3. 4 联合培养 3. 4 Joint cultivation 为了扩大中国民航大学学术影响，培养高水平博士生，基于中国民航大学“一体两翼三支撑”的学科布局，博士的联合培养作为学校间科研组合作的有机组成部分，博士联合培养将助力于学校间的科研组合作。为了稳步发展博士的联合培养，博士培养方案的实施路线分为三步： In order to expand the academic influence of CAUC and cultivate high-level doctoral students, based on the discipline layout of CAUC, "one fuselage, two wings and three gears", joint doctoral cultivation is an organic part of inter-university scientific research cooperation. Besides, doctoral joint cultivation will be conducive to inter-university scientific research cooperation. To steadily develop joint doctoral cultivation, the implementation of cultivation program is divided into three steps: 第一步：民航大学为主要博士培养单位，博士生在博士培养期间前往法国等国的合作学校的相应实验室进行为期1到2年的交流访问。合作学校相应实验室将派出老师以博士生副导师的身份对博士生的研究进行指导。民航大学和合作学校的老师在相关工作进行合作，并联合指导博士生研究。 First step: CAUC is the main doctoral cultivation center. During the doctoral cultivation period, the doctoral students go to the corresponding laboratories of cooperative schools in France and other countries for a 1-2 year exchange visit. The laboratories of the cooperative school will dispatch teachers to guide the research of doctoral students as deputy supervisors. Teachers from CAUC and cooperative universities jointly guide doctoral research. 第二步：法国等国外合作学校为主要博士培养单位，博士生将主要在合作学校进行学习，民航大学作为博士培养合作学校，由相应专业的博士生导师作为副导师对博士生研究进行指导。民航大学和合作学校的老师在相关工作进行合作，并联合指导博士生研究。 Second step: France and other foreign cooperative schools are the main doctoral cultivation centers. Doctoral students will mainly study in cooperative schools. CAUC is the doctoral cultivation cooperative school, and the doctoral supervisors of corresponding majors are the assistant supervisors to guide the doctoral research. Teachers from CAUC and cooperative universities jointly guide doctoral research. 第三步：民航大学将扩大合作范围，联合培养博士学校将不再局限于目前法国相关合作学校。 Third step: CAUC will expand the scope of cooperation, the universities for joint doctoral cultivation will no longer be limited to the current French schools. 1. 博士培养方向 1. Orientations of doctoral cultivation 安全科学工程，包括以下三个方向： Safety science engineering, it includes the following three orientations: (1)航空电子方向； (1) Avionics; (2)航空结构与材料方向； (2) Aviation structure and material; (3)航空推进方向。 (3) Aeronautical propulsion.   2. 培养模式及学习年限 2. Cultivation model and span 本学科博士研究生根据人才培养和发展需要，主要为一级学科内培养，结合跨学科培养、国际联合培养及校所联合培养等模式。实行导师或联合导师负责制，负责制订研究生个人培养计划、指导科学研究和学位论文。 According to the demands of personnel cultivation and development, doctoral students in this discipline are mainly trained in the first-level disciplines, combined with interdisciplinary cultivation, international joint cultivation and joint cultivation of schools and institutes. A responsibility system with the supervisor or with joint supervisors is implemented. The supervisors shall be responsible for the formulation of personal cultivation plans, the guidance of scientific research and degree papers.   3. 具体实施模式 3. Implementation 因计划工作尚未能全面开展，这里只介绍实施路线的第一步，即实施以中国民航大学为主进行博士培养的计划。 学生可以获得中国民航大学和法国学校双博士学位，或者仅获得中国民航大学博士学位两种情况。以下将对这两种情况的实施流程做简单介绍。 Since the work has not been carried out in an all-round way, this paper only introduces the first step of the implementation, that is, the implementation of doctoral cultivation program with CAUC as the main party. Doctoral students can obtain a double doctoral degree from CAUC and French universities, or only the doctoral degree from CAUC. The following is a brief introduction to the implementation of these two situations. (1)中国民航大学和法国学校双博士学位培养计划 (1) Double Doctoral Degree Cultivation Program of CAUC and French Universities 中欧学院或校内其他学院硕士研究生毕业后，根据其研究方向，申请攻读本校博士学位，在获得中国民航大学博士入学资格后，在校方的指导下联系法国对应领域博士生导师，随后向导师所在学院申请攻读博士资格。 在获取法方博士培养资格后，按计划完成双方院校所制定的博士学业。其中法方博士申请流程分为联系导师环节和奖学金申请环节，具体流程如下： After graduation, the postgraduate students of SIAE or other institutes can apply for their doctoral degree according to their research direction. After obtaining the doctoral qualification of CAUC, they can contact the French doctoral supervisors under the guidance of the university, and then apply for doctoral qualification. After obtaining the qualifications for doctoral cultivation in France, the doctoral studies formulated by the universities of both sides will be completed according to the plan. The process for application of the French doctorate is divided into two parts: contacting supervisors and applying for scholarships. The specific process is as follows: 1）联系导师 1) Contacting the Supervisor ① 学生在学校指导/帮助下选定数个目标导师，了解导师研究方向； ① Under the guidance/assistance of the school, students select several target supervisors and explore the research direction of each supervisor; ② 学生准备英语、法语个人简历，动机信，和硕士期间成绩单，并向目标导师投递； ② Students prepare resumes in English and French, motivation letters, and transcripts for their master's degree, and submit them to supervisors. ③ 学生准备面试，在导师有回应后进行和导师间的初步面试； ③ Students prepare for interviews and preliminary interviews with their supervisors after supervisors have agreed. ④ 在双方有初步意向后，确定博士题目和研究方向。 ④ After both sides have preliminary intention, they can settle on the title and research direction.   2）奖学金申请 2) Scholarship application ① 在博士题目和研究方向确定后，准备奖学金申请材料，应准备至少CSC和法国政府奖学金两套奖学金申请材料； ① After the title and research orientation are determined, the applicants should prepare for at least two sets of scholarship application materials, one for CSC and the other for French government scholarship. ② 提交奖学金申请材料，等待回复； ② Submit scholarship application materials and wait for reply; ③ 确定奖学金资格后，准备学习签证等资料； ③ After the qualification of scholarship is confirmed, prepare for the study visa and other materials; ④ 同时准备博士注册材料。 ④ Prepare for the registration materials. 在博士资格获得后，博士生应按照博士生院和导师制定的培养方案完成博士学业。 After obtaining the doctoral qualification, the doctoral students should complete their doctoral studies according to the cultivation plan formulated by the institute and the supervisor.   （2）中国民航大学博士培养计划 (2) Doctoral Cultivation Program of CAUC 中欧学院或校内其他学院硕士研究生毕业后，根据所研究方向，申请攻读本校博士学位。 在学校攻读博士学位期间，经导师允许，可以向所属实验室申请前往法国对应领域学校进行一年博士生交换学习。具体研究内容由博士生导师、中国民航大学、法方博士生副导师共同确定。其中奖学金资助可以由国家留学基金委资助或者中国民航大学资助。 After graduation, postgraduate students from SIAE or other colleges can apply for doctoral degree in accordance with the research orientation. During the doctoral study, if the doctoral students can get the permission of the supervisor, they can apply for a one-year doctoral exchange study in French counterpart schools. The specific research contents are jointly determined by the doctoral supervisor, CAUC and the French doctoral assistant supervisor. Scholarship can be funded by China Scholarship Council or by the Civil Aviation University of China.